History and Emergence of Zika Virus

Gubler, Duane J.; Vasilakis, Nikos; Musso, Didier

doi:10.1093/infdis/jix451

Cited by 134 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…It is a virus which belongs to Flaviviridae family [1,2]. It was first isolated from a monkey in 1947 in the Zika forest of Uganda, and the first isolation of the virus from a human was also found to be in Uganda in the 1960s [3,4]. Later, ZIKV was discovered in human populations in many countries including Sierra Leone, the Philippines, Indonesia, and India; however, it was not a major public concern at that time [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge regarding Zika Virus Infection among Healthcare Providers in an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Alessa

Alzahrani

Alshehri

et al. 2020

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background. Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a major concern across the world. It is highly necessary for healthcare providers (HCPs) to have sufficient knowledge about such a disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge regarding ZIKV among HCPs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, KSA, during a two-month period from September 19, 2016 to November 19, 2016. Descriptive statistics were performed on data collected. For continuous variables, data were expressed as means ± standard deviations (SDs), medians, and ranges. Proportions were used to describe categorical variables. Knowledge scores were evaluated and compared by demographic characteristics including age, designation, years of practice, and gender, using the t-test/Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate. Results. A total of 336 HCPs from different specialties (physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists) completed the questionnaire. Significant differences in knowledge about ZIKV were observed by participant’s age. Significantly higher knowledge levels were observed among older participants (45 years or more; p=0.011). A substantial difference in the knowledge level was observed by department, with pairwise comparisons showing significant differences in knowledge scores between all departments except for Pharmacy vs. Nutrition and Nursing vs. Internal Medicine. Knowledge scores were not significantly different by years of practice. Conclusion. Our study showed inadequate knowledge of HCPs from different specialties about ZIKV infection which needs to be improved in terms of infection prevention and control. Awareness about ZIKV infection should be ensured and maintained among HCPs to face any possible emergence in the region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge regarding Zika Virus Infection among Healthcare Providers in an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Alessa

Alzahrani

Alshehri

et al. 2020

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that is closely related to other flaviviruses of public health relevance, such as dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). ZIKV infections in various African countries and Southeast Asia from the 1950s to the 1990s were largely unnoticed until epidemics occurred in the Pacific Islands after 2007 and in Latin American countries in 2015 [1,2]. ZIKV and DENV coexist in tropical and subtropical regions, where there are favourable environmental conditions for their main vector, Aedes spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavivirus Cross-Reactivity to Dengue Nonstructural Protein 1 Antigen Detection Assays

et al. 2019

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Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are flaviviruses of public health relevance. Both viruses circulate in the same endemic settings and acute infections generally manifest similar symptoms. This highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis for clinical management and outbreak control. One of the commonly used acute diagnostic markers for flaviviruses is nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). However, false positives due to antigenic cross-reactivity have been reported between DENV and ZIKV infections when using DENV NS1 antigen (NS1 Ag) detection assays in acute cases. Therefore, we investigated the lowest detectable virus titres and cross-reactivity of three commercial dengue NS1 Ag rapid assays and two ELISAs for different flaviviruses. Our results showed that substantially high viral titres of ZIKV, Kunjin virus (KUNV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) are required to give false-positive results when using DENV NS1 rapid detection assays. Commercial DENV NS1 ELISAs did not react with ZIKV and YFV. In comparison, tested assays detected DENV at a significantly low virus titre. Given the relatively low viral loads reported in clinical samples, our findings suggest that commercially available dengue NS1 Ag detection assays are less likely to generate false-positive results among clinical samples in areas where multiple flaviviruses cocirculate.

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“…To characterize the functional significance of ZIKV-targeting synthetic miRNA expression and processing on vector competence, adult female mosquitoes (WT control and TZIKV-C) were infected with ZIKV (FSS13025 , Cambodia 2010 strain, GenBank JN860885) via membrane blood-feeding 37 . For these experiments we used the Cambodia ZIKV strain, which is from the Asian ZIKV lineage and in close phylogenetic proximity to the French Polynesia ZIKV strain, against which the miRNAs were designed 38 . Importantly, seven out of eight of the ZIKV-targeting synthetic miRNA target sites are 100% conserved between the Cambodia ZIKV strain and the French Polynesia strain , allowing either strain to be used for the ZIKV challenges ( Supplementary Figure 1).…”

Section: Engineered Mosquitoes Are Refractory To Multiple Zikv Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered resistance to Zika virus in transgenicAe. aegyptiexpressing a polycistronic cluster of synthetic miRNAs

Buchman

Gamez

et al. 2018

Preprint

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One Sentence Summary:Here we describe the generation of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes that are engineered to confer reduced vector competence to Zika virus (ZIKV) and we discuss how such engineering approach can be used to combat the major health burden of ZIKV and potentially other arboviruses in the future. Abstract:Recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have highlighted the necessity for development of novel vector control strategies to combat arboviral transmission, including genetic versions of the sterile insect technique, artificial infection with Wolbachia to reduce population size and/or vectoring competency, and gene drive based methods. Here, we describe the development of mosquitoes synthetically engineered to impede vector competence to ZIKV. We demonstrate that a polycistronic cluster of engineered microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting ZIKV is expressed and fully processed following a blood meal in Ae. aegypti , ensuring the formation of mature synthetic miRNAs in the midgut where ZIKV resides in the early stages of infection. Critically, we demonstrate that engineered Ae. aegypti mosquitoes harboring the anti-ZIKV transgene have significantly reduced viral infection, dissemination, and transmission rates of ZIKV. Taken together, these compelling results provide a promising path forward for development of effective genetic-based ZIKV control strategies, which could potentially be extended to curtail other arboviruses. MainSince being introduced into the Americas, ZIKV -a mosquito-borne flavivirus -has spread rapidly, causing hundreds of thousands of cases of ZIKV infection 1 . Although most cases remain asymptomatic, infection during pregnancy has been associated with severe congenital abnormalities and pregnancy loss, presenting an unprecedented health threat with long-term consequences 2 . This prompted the World Health Organization to declare ZIKV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in 2016 1,2 . Currently, there are no clinically approved vaccines to prevent ZIKV and no effective treatment options for infected individuals; thus, vector control remains essential in curtailing the ZIKV epidemic. Like dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), ZIKV is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which are expanding their habitable range due to urbanization, climate change, and global trade 3 . Current methods of vector control, including removal of standing water and use of insecticides, have not been entirely effective in the fight against the spread of Aedes mosquitoes 3 . Therefore, new game-changing innovative vector control strategies, including those utilizing genetically engineered mosquitoes 4 , are urgently needed to combat the spread of ZIKV and other Aedes -vectored diseases worldwide.Employment of genetically modified (or otherwise altered) insects to manipulate disease-vectoring populations was first proposed decades ago 5 , and due in part to enabling technological advances, has garnered increased interest in recent years 4 . In fact, several strategies for genetic-based vector contr...

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History and Emergence of Zika Virus

Cited by 134 publications

References 94 publications

Knowledge regarding Zika Virus Infection among Healthcare Providers in an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Knowledge regarding Zika Virus Infection among Healthcare Providers in an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Flavivirus Cross-Reactivity to Dengue Nonstructural Protein 1 Antigen Detection Assays

Engineered resistance to Zika virus in transgenicAe. aegyptiexpressing a polycistronic cluster of synthetic miRNAs

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