Evaluation of a federally funded mass media campaign and smoking cessation in pregnant women: a population-based study in three states

England, Lucinda J.; Tong, Van T.; Rockhill, Karilynn; Hsia, Jason; McAfee, Tim; Patel, Deesha A.; Rupp, Katelin; Conrey, Elizabeth J.; Valdivieso, Claudia; Davis, Kevin

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016826

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Risk factors for smoking include having a smoking partner, with a lower risk where there is higher maternal education level [40]. Mass campaigns can potentially influence smoking cessation rates in pregnancy [41]. In three states in the USA, those smokers exposed to a CDC smoking cessation campaign in pregnancy had a reduction in smoking by the third trimester compared to those who were not exposed to the campaign (34.7 vs. 32.9%; p < 0.001).…”

Section: Smoking Cessation and Infant Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent-Carer Education: Reducing the Risks for Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Pillay¹

2019

Neonatal Medicine

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In this chapter, the role of engaging parents, family members, partners, significant others and carers (subsequently referred to as parent-carers) as key partners in targeted strategies for reducing the risks associated with neonatal mortality is discussed, especially within the context of less resource-constrained environments. Parent-carer education, sharing information on regionally prevalent risk factors and associations with death in the first 28 days of life and in infancy, can be potentially impactful and could drive behavioural changes, while promoting acquisition of newer life-saving skills such as basic life support training. Such education can be considered participatory learning and action. It affords parent-carers the confidence and knowledge on measures to key risks in infancy, such as the risk of sudden infant death, and how to recognize when their baby may be ill, facilitating timely access to appropriate healthcare services. Potentially, these then empower parent-carers to work with health services proactively in measures to reduce the risks for neonatal mortality.mortality is explored, especially in less resource-constrained environments, by focusing on parent-carer education around risks for neonatal mortality, while using learning points from around the world. Potentially, these initiatives empower parent-carers to acquire the necessary skills to manage their baby at risk and also engage in risk-reducing behaviours for the benefit of their baby. Reducing neonatal mortality through parent-carer educationBefore embarking on parent education, understanding the risk factors for neonatal mortality is important. In poorly resourced areas, key risk factors and associations are infection, hypothermia, lack of breastfeeding, failure to recognise signs of illness in their baby and failure to provide adequate basic resuscitation at birth. Education packages focused on improving neonatal mortality therefore include information on maintaining warmth; drying; wrapping; skin-to-skin contact; supporting breastfeeding; infection prevention including handwashing, cord care, recognising signs of illness in their newborn baby and infant and basic life support [7].For neonatal teams in relatively higher resourced environments, where access to public health facilities and general maternal education are less of an issue, and most of the above are routinely adopted, what are other key risk factors and what other kinds of initiatives are needed in order to make a difference to current neonatal mortality rates, and can they work?In attempting to address this, the key risk factors here for neonatal mortality need to be identified. The most significant of these is prematurity [8][9][10]. In a report on perinatal mortality from MBRRACE on 2016 deaths, approximately 70% of all extended perinatal deaths occurred preterm, and almost 40% were in less than 28 weeks' gestation [9]. Optimising place of birth for the most vulnerable preterm births less than 26 weeks gestation at birth does reduce their mortality rates [11] and op...

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Section: Smoking Cessation and Infant Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent-Carer Education: Reducing the Risks for Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Pillay¹

2019

Neonatal Medicine

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“…Considering economic implications of epidemiological studies like Anderson et al is of critical importance to delineating and quantifying the economic benefits-costs of clinical (e.g., Higgins and Solomon, 2016 ) and population (e.g., England et al, 2017 ) interventions designed to decrease smoking during pregnancy. Anderson et al (2019) used a five-year (2007–11) U.S. CDC Birth Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death dataset to examine relationships between maternal self-reported smoking status during pregnancy and SUID risk controlling for multiple potential confounders (i.e., parental race/ethnicity, age, mother's marital status and education, live birth order, number of prenatal visits, gestational length, delivery method, infant sex and birth weight).…”

Section: Epidemiological Studies Are Important To Estimating the Econmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreasing smoking during pregnancy: Potential economic benefit of reducing sudden unexpected infant death

Higgins

Slade

Shepard

2020

Preventive Medicine

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Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) remains the leading cause of death among U.S. infants age 1–12 months. Extensive epidemiological evidence documents maternal prenatal cigarette smoking as a major risk factor for SUID, but leaves unclear whether quitting reduces risk. This Commentary draws attention to a report by Anderson et al. ( Pediatrics. 2019, 143[4]) that represents a breakthrough on this question and uses their data on SUID risk reduction to delineate potential economic benefits. Using a five-year (2007–11) U.S. CDC Birth Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death dataset, Anderson et al. demonstrated that compared to those who continued smoking, women who quit or reduced smoking by third trimester decreased the adjusted odds of SUID risk by 23% (95% CI, 13%–33%) and 12% (95% CI, 2%–21%), respectively. We applied these reductions to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' recommended value of a statistical life in 2020 ($10.1 million). Compared to continued smoking during pregnancy, the economic benefits per woman of quitting or reducing smoking are $4700 (95% CI $2700–$6800) and $2500 (95% CI, $400–$4300), respectively. While the U.S. obtained aggregate annual economic benefits of $0.58 (95% CI, 0.35–0.82) billion from pregnant women who quit or reduced smoking, it missed an additional $1.16 (95%CI 0.71–1.60) billion from the women who continued smoking. Delineating the health and economic impacts of decreasing smoking during pregnancy using large epidemiological studies like Anderson et al. is critically important for conducting meaningful economic analyses of the benefits-costs of developing more effective interventions for decreasing smoking during pregnancy.

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“…Finally, 4 campaigns evaluated the number of people with sustained quit attempts [ 44 , 47 , 60 , 63 , 72 , 76 ]. The Real Cost, which aimed to reduce smoking initiation rates in young people, evaluated smoking initiation behavior [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Evaluation Metrics Used in Digital and Traditional Tobacco Control Campaigns

Chan¹,

O’Hara²,

Phongsavan³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background Mass media campaigns for public health are increasingly using digital media platforms, such as web-based advertising and social media; however, there is a lack of evidence on how to best use these digital platforms for public health campaigns. To generate this evidence, appropriate campaign evaluations are needed, but with the proliferation of digital media–related metrics, there is no clear consensus on which evaluation metrics should be used. Public health campaigns are diverse in nature, so to facilitate analysis, this review has selected tobacco control campaigns as the scope of the study. Objective This literature review aimed to examine how tobacco control campaigns that use traditional and digital media platforms have been evaluated. Methods Medicine and science databases (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], and Scopus), and a marketing case study database (World Advertising Research Center) were searched for articles published between 2013 and 2018. Two authors established the eligibility criteria and reviewed articles for inclusion. Individual campaigns were identified from the articles, and information on campaigns and their evaluations were supplemented with searches on Google, Google Scholar, and social media platforms. Data about campaign evaluations were tabulated and mapped to a conceptual framework. Results In total, 17 campaigns were included in this review, with evaluations reported on by 51 articles, 17 marketing reports, and 4 grey literature reports. Most campaigns were from English-speaking countries, with behavioral change as the primary objective. In the process evaluations, a wide range of metrics were used to assess the reach of digital campaign activities, making comparison between campaigns difficult. Every campaign in the review, except one, reported some type of engagement impact measure, with website visits being the most commonly reported metric (11 of the 17 campaigns). Other commonly reported evaluation measures identified in this review include engagement on social media, changes in attitudes, and number of people contacting smoking cessation services. Of note, only 7 of the 17 campaigns attempted to measure media platform attribution, for example, by asking participants where they recalled seeing the campaign or using unique website tracking codes for ads on different media platforms. Conclusions One of the key findings of this review is the numerous and diverse range of measures and metrics used in tobacco control campaign evaluations. To address this issue, we propose principles to guide the selection of digital media–related metrics for campaign evaluations, and also outline a conceptual framework to provide a coherent organization to the diverse range of metrics. Future research is needed to specifically investigate whether engagement metrics are associated with desired campaign outcomes, to determine whether reporting of engagement metrics is meaningful in campaign evaluations.

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Evaluation of a federally funded mass media campaign and smoking cessation in pregnant women: a population-based study in three states

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Parent-Carer Education: Reducing the Risks for Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Parent-Carer Education: Reducing the Risks for Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Decreasing smoking during pregnancy: Potential economic benefit of reducing sudden unexpected infant death

Review of Evaluation Metrics Used in Digital and Traditional Tobacco Control Campaigns

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