Topical use and systemic action of green and roasted coffee oils and ground oils in a cutaneous incision model in rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus)

Abstract

IntroductionWounds are a common health problem. Coffee is widely consumed and its oil contains essential fatty acids. We evaluated the local (skin) and systemic effects associated with the topical use of coffee oils in rats.MethodsPunch skin wounds (6 mm) incisions were generated on the backs of 75 rats. Saline (SS), mineral oil (MO), green coffee oil (GCO), roasted coffee oil (RCO), green coffee ground oil (GCGO) or roasted coffee ground oil (RCGO) were topically applied to the wounds. Healing was evaluated by visual and histological/morphometric optical microscopy examination; second harmonics generation (SHG) microscopy, wound tissue q-PCR (values in fold-change) and blood serum (ELISA, values in pg/mL).ResultsRCO treated animals presented faster wound healing (0.986 vs. 0.422), higher mRNA expression of IGF-1 (2.78 vs. 1.00, p = 0.01), IL-6 (10.72 vs. 1.00, p = 0.001) and IL-23 (4.10 vs. 1.2, p = 0.05) in early stages of wound healing; higher IL-12 (3.32 vs. 1.00, p = 0.05) in the later stages; and lower serum levels of IFN-γ (11.97 vs. 196.45, p = 0.01). GCO treatment led to higher mRNA expression of IL-6 (day 2: 7.94 vs. 1.00, p = 0.001 and day 4: 6.90 vs. 1.00, p = 0.01) and IL-23 (7.93 vs. 1.20, p = 0.001) in the early stages. The RCO treatment also produced higher serum IFN-α levels throughout the experiment (day 2: 52.53 vs. 21.20; day 4: 46.98 vs.21.56; day 10: 83.61 vs. 25.69, p = 0.05) and lower levels of IL-4 (day 4: 0.9 vs.13.36, p = 0.01), adiponectin (day 10: 8,367.47 vs. 16,526.38, p = 0.001) and IFN-γ (day 4: 43.03 vs.196.45, p = 0.05). The SHG analysis showed a higher collagen density in the RCO and GCO treatments (p = 0.05).ConclusionTopical treatment with coffee oils led to systemic actions and faster wound healing in rats. Further studies should be performed are necessary to assess the safety of topical vegetal oil use for skin lesions.

Vegetable butters and oils in skin wound healing: Scientific evidence for new opportunities in dermatology

“…Treatment with green coffee seed oil led to higher IL‐6 and IL‐23 mRNA expression in the early stages of wound treatment. Using second‐harmonic generation microscopy, a higher collagen density was observed for treatments using both oils than in treatments using saline and mineral oil dermal treatments (Lania et al, ).…”

“…Skin wounds have a negative effect on patients' lives, and the management and care of such wounds cost the healthcare system a large amount of money every year (Ashcroft et al, ; Lania et al, ; Schreml, Szeimies, Prantl, Landthaler, & Babilas, ). A number of experimental studies are therefore working on new approaches to skin wound healing, including the study of the potential of phytopharmacological methods (Ashcroft et al, ; Bedi & Shenefelt, ; Buchness, ; Eisenberg et al, ; Lania et al, ; S. B. Nayak, Isik, & Marshall, ; Schreml et al, ) to replace antibiotic therapy due to serious issues of bacterial resistance (S. B. Nayak et al, ). Phytotherapy in dermatology is the preferred option for patients over conventional therapy using synthetic medicines, particularly in terms of perceived side effects (Bedi & Shenefelt, ; Eisenberg et al, ) and has actually been proven to be effective (Buchness, ; Kováč et al, ).…”

Topical essential fatty acid oil on wounds: Local and systemic effects

“…The contrasting results found in wound area measurement can be explained by the presence of the crusts. The photographs were taken before its removal from the scar tissue, what could have led to worse results compared to the control group [18].…”

“…An important feature to assess in the use of oils to enhance wound healing is the effect of the vehicle used in the formulation, since it can can influence the active ingredient effects [49]. In a previous research performed by our group, we found that using coffee oil grounds worsened the wound healing outcome, due to the formation of granulomas [18]. In the present work, we used a commercial sunflower oil (Saniplan, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).…”

“…Newly-formed healed skin samples (scar tissue) were obtained using 6-mm punches of the same size and in the same location as the original lesion to avoid collecting normal skin [18]. By comparing in this way, the differences presented in this manuscript are strictly due to the treatment.…”