Effects of telephone call intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Mobile health interventions utilising telephone calls are promising tools for diabetes management. However, there is still a lack of convincing evidence demonstrating their beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was to assess the effect of telephone calls on glycaemic control and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods Two independent reviewers searched three online databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE) to identify relevant English-language randomised controlled trials up to September 2017. Randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of telephone calls on glycaemic control and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included. Effect size was calculated for changes in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, weight, blood pressure and lipid levels using fixed- or random-effects models. Results Eighteen studies involving 3954 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with usual care, telephone calls significantly decreased glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, by 0.12% (95% confidence interval: -0.22% to -0.02%). Univariate regression analysis showed that none of the covariates (number of participants, baseline age, baseline glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, duration of diabetes, call maker, number of calls and duration of study) had an impact on glycosylated haemoglobin A1c. For other cardiovascular risk factors, telephone calls significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by 0.19 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: -0.34% to -0.03%) but non-significantly changed diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride or high-density cholesterol levels. Conclusions This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that telephone calls offer moderate benefits for glycosylated haemoglobin A1c and systolic blood pressure reduction among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However, the data remain insufficient regarding the association of telephone calls with lowered diastolic blood pressure, body mass index or improved lipoprotein profiles.

Nurse‐Led Tele‐Coaching on Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

“…The nurse‐led tele‐coaching intervention was also found to significantly reduce SBP. Findings of the primary outcomes in this review were consistent with those from a previous systematic review and meta‐analysis (Wei et al, ), which found a significant reduction in SBP by 0.19 mmHg. For diabetic patients, having a lowered SBP has been associated with improved mortality and other clinical outcomes (Emdin et al, ): A reduction of the SBP to <130 mmHg could mitigate vascular risk factors in individuals with diabetes (Ettehad et al, ).…”

“…To the best knowledge of the review team, this is the first review that pioneered the elucidation of nurse‐led tele‐coaching on the cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with T2DM. Whereas previous reviews have explored either interventions by different healthcare professionals through telephone‐based coaching (Wei et al, ) or interventions by nurses but not specifically through telephone‐based methods for cardiovascular risk factors (Daly et al, ), nurse‐led tele‐coaching for cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with T2DM has been left unexplored. With the role expansion of nurses in the management of individuals with T2DM, it is therefore timely to evaluate the effectiveness of such an intervention.…”

Modes of e-Health delivery in secondary prevention programmes for patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review

“…However, 60% of the studies included evaluated telephone interventions [12]. To date, telephone interventions are some of the most studied tools of telemedicine interventions [13], but may require more resources than contemporary e-Health technology available. However, the use of e-Health in secondary prevention for CAD is a rapidly growing area and more evidence is therefore expected to become available [11].…”

Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Graves’ Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Compared with our previous meta-analysis of the effect of telephone call intervention on glycemic control and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients [ 44 ], this meta-analysis assessed the effect of selenium supplementation on individuals with GD. Therefore, the purposes, interventions, patients, and outcomes of the two meta-analysis are different.…”