Dietary phosphatidylcholine impacts on growth performance and lipid metabolism in adult Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effects of supplementing the diet of adult Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus with phosphatidylcholine (PC) on growth performance, body composition, fatty acid composition and gene expression. Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia fish with an initial body weight of 83·1 (sd 2·9) g were divided into six groups. Each group was hand-fed a semi-purified diet containing 1·7 (control diet), 4·0, 6·5, 11·5, 21·3 or 41·0 g PC/kg diet for 68 d. Supplemental PC improved the feed efficiency rate, which was highest in the 11·5 g PC/kg diet. Weight gain and specific growth rate were unaffected. Dietary PC increased PC content in the liver and decreased crude fat content in the liver, viscera and body. SFA and MUFA increased and PUFA decreased in muscle with increasing dietary PC. Cytoplasmic phospholipase A 2 and secreted phospholipase A 2 mRNA expression were up-regulated in the brain and heart in PC-supplemented fish. PC reduced fatty acid synthase mRNA expression in the liver and visceral tissue but increased expression in muscle. Hormone-sensitive lipase and lipoprotein lipase expression increased in the liver with increasing dietary PC. Growth hormone mRNA expression was reduced in the brain and insulin-like growth factor-1 mRNA expression in liver reduced with PC above 6·5 g/kg. Our results demonstrate that dietary supplementation with PC improves feed efficiency and reduces liver fat in adult Nile tilapia, without increasing weight gain, representing a novel dietary approach to reduce feed requirements and improve the health of Nile tilapia.

Plant Ingredient diet supplemented with lecithin as fish meal and fish oil alternative affects growth performance, serum biochemical, lipid metabolism and growth‐related gene expression in Nile tilapia

“…Recently, Apraku et al (2019) found that dietary substitution of FO with other sources as coconut and corn oil increased LPL and FAS enzyme activity in tilapia muscle with no difference in their activity in the liver.Lecithin supplementation increased LPL and FAS mRNA expression, with the highest expression observed in fish reared on a plantbased diet. Partially consistent with these results,Tian et al (2017)…”

“…On the other hand, relative mRNA levels of these genes were significantly increased in fish supplemented with lecithin, suggesting that lecithin has a stimulatory effect on their expression resulting in enhanced growth, especially in fish reared on a plant-based diet. In contrast and regardless of dietary composition, Tian et al (2017) found that expression levels of the growth hormone in the brain and IGF in liver tissue were reduced by increasing phosphatidylcholine levels in the tilapia diet.…”

“…LPL and FAS are important key enzymes involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis respectively (Tian et al, 2017). Their expression levels in the hepatic tissue were modified depending on dietary ingredients.…”

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Peanut Skin Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance and Lipid Metabolism of the Juvenile American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

“…PE is one of the components of the cell membrane system, and the majority of PE is located in the inner lipid bilayer structure [ 40 ]. A recent study showed that PC could increase the expression of LPL and hormone-sensitive lipase and decrease the FAS expression in the liver of tilapia [ 41 ]. PE is required for the function and integrity of mitochondrial membranes [ 34 ] and is used to help TC metabolism by transforming into PC [ 42 ].…”

Identification of Genes Related to Cold Tolerance and Novel Genetic Markers for Molecular Breeding in Taiwan Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) via Transcriptome Analysis

“…Abdel-Ghany et al [ 74 ] observed that cold shock to Nile tilapia can enhance cold tolerance by reducing the changes in systemic saturated fatty acids and increasing the lipid metabolism of n-6 and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, Li et al [ 75 ] determined that in tilapia diets supplemented with arginine, the regulation of lipid metabolism-related genes can reduce the mechanism of liver fat deposition and fatty acid composition induced by a high-fat diet [ 76 ]. From the transcript sequencing results of this study, it was observed that the arginine kinase gene of the cold-tolerant strain possessed high expression levels.…”