Effects of Astaxanthin on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis in Mice

Zou, Tangbin; Zhu, Shanshan; Luo, Fei; Li, Wei-Qiao; Sun, Xiaoyan; Wu, Hao

doi:10.1155/2017/4625932

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Carotenoids are mainly delivered to the eye retina where they are accumulated in the macula, likely protecting against its degeneration, cataract development, and blindness. Moreover, carotenoid treatment has been associated with an increase in HDL reverse cholesterol transport capacity in mice [22] and has been shown to protect against early atherosclerosis development [23]. As per vitamin E, HDL has demonstrated to deliver this vitamin to epithelial cells, although its exact role remains uncertain [20].…”

Section: Molecules Carried By Hdl Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in HDL: Much More than Lipid Transporters

Ben‐Aicha

Badimon

Vilahur

2020

IJMS

101

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High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles, beyond serving as lipid transporters and playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport, carry a highly variable number of proteins, micro-RNAs, vitamins, and hormones, which endow them with the ability to mediate a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote cardiovascular health. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities alters HDLs cargo and protective functions. This concept has led to the notion that metrics other than HDL-cholesterol levels, such as HDL functionality and composition, may better capture HDL cardiovascular protection. On the other hand, the potential of HDL as natural delivery carriers has also fostered the design of engineered HDL-mimetics aiming to improve HDL efficacy or as drug-delivery agents with therapeutic potential. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the molecules known to be transported by HDL particles and mainly discuss their functions in the cardiovascular system. Second, we describe the impact of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities on HDL remodeling. Finally, we review the currently developed HDL-based approaches.

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Section: Molecules Carried By Hdl Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in HDL: Much More than Lipid Transporters

Ben‐Aicha

Badimon

Vilahur

2020

IJMS

101

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“…This shows that the hypolipidemic effect of astaxanthin may be contributed by the upregulation of LDLR, which helps to mitigate the progression of AS [158]. In addition, astaxanthin promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regulates plasma cholesterol levels in ApoE-/-mice [159].…”

Section: Astaxanthinmentioning

confidence: 89%

Current Research Landscape of Marine-Derived Anti-Atherosclerotic Substances

et al. 2020

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Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation of the arterial wall, which is the pathological basis for coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and thromboembolic disease. Currently, there is a lack of low-cost therapeutic agents that effectively slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the development of new drugs is urgently needed. The research and development of marine-derived drugs have gained increasing interest from researchers across the world. Many marine organisms provide a rich material basis for the development of atherosclerotic drugs. This review focuses on the latest technological advances in the structures and mechanisms of action of marine-derived anti-atherosclerotic substances and the challenges of the application of these substances including marine polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and small molecule compounds. Here, we describe the theoretical basis of marine biological resources in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

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“…The effects of astaxanthin on reverse cholesterol transport have been demonstrated in vivo. In wild-type and ApoE -/mice, astaxanthin increased cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues to the liver and its subsequent excretion in feces [58]. In addition, in the ApoE -/model, this carotenoid promoted a significant decline in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol and reduced the atherosclerotic plaque area of the aortic sinus and the cholesterol concentration in the aorta compared to controls.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Effectmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In addition, in the ApoE -/model, this carotenoid promoted a significant decline in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol and reduced the atherosclerotic plaque area of the aortic sinus and the cholesterol concentration in the aorta compared to controls. Thus, astaxanthin exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by increasing the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, but the molecular mechanisms of this action are still unknown [58].…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Astaxanthin in Cardiovascular Diseases

Pereira¹,

Souza²,

Vasconcelos³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases, so anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents that modulate redox balance have become the targets of research to evaluate their molecular mechanisms and therapeutic properties. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid of the xanthophyll group, has potent antioxidant effects due to its molecular structure and its arrangement in the plasma membrane, factors that favor the neutralization of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This carotenoid also stands out for its anti-inflammatory activity, possibly interrelated with its antioxidant effect, as well as for its modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Considering the potential positive effects of astaxanthin on cardiovascular health evidenced by preclinical and clinical studies, this paper describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of this carotenoid in cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis.

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Effects of Astaxanthin on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis in Mice

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Advances in HDL: Much More than Lipid Transporters

Advances in HDL: Much More than Lipid Transporters

Current Research Landscape of Marine-Derived Anti-Atherosclerotic Substances

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Astaxanthin in Cardiovascular Diseases

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