Effect of life‐course family income trajectories on periodontitis: Birth cohort study

Schuch, Helena Silveira; Peres, Karen Glazer; Demarco, Flávio Fernando; Horta, Bernardo Lessa; Gigante, Denise Petrucci; Peres, Marco Aurélio; Do, Loc

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12845

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…They suggest that any form of social mobility (either upward or downward) might positively impact adult perceptions of oral health, probably because mobile individuals seek to maximise their status [9,38]. The positive effect of downward social mobility found in this study contrasts with previous dental studies that reported a negative association between downward mobility and good oral health [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The fact that downward mobility was inversely associated with poor oral health implies that there will be more people with good oral health in the lower social class.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Intragenerational social mobility and self-rated oral health in the british cohort study

Khairuddin

Bernabé

Delgado‐Angulo

2021

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background Most studies on social mobility and oral health have focused on movement between generations (intergenerational mobility) rather than movement within an individual’s own lifetime (intragenerational mobility). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between intragenerational social mobility from early to middle adulthood and self-rated oral health. Methods This study used data from 6524 participants of the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study, an ongoing population-based birth cohort of individuals born in England, Scotland and Wales. Participants’ socioeconomic position was indicated by occupational social class at age 26 and 46 years (the first and latest adult waves, respectively). Self-rated oral health was measured at age 46 years. The association between social mobility and adult oral health was assessed using conventional regression models and diagonal reference models, adjusting for gender, ethnicity, country of residence and residence area. Results Over a fifth of participants (22.2%) reported poor self-rated oral health at age 46 years. In conventional regression analysis, the odds ratios for social mobility varied depending on whether they were adjusted for social class of origin or destination. In addition, all social trajectories had greater odds of reporting poor oral health than non-mobile adults in class I/II. In diagonal reference models, both upward (Odds Ratio 0.79; 95% CI 0.63–0.99) and downward mobility (0.90; 95% CI 0.71–1.13) were inversely associated with poor self-rated oral health. The origin weight was 0.48 (95% CI 0.33–0.63), suggesting that social class of origin was as important as social class of destination. Conclusion This longitudinal analysis showed that intragenerational social mobility from young to middle adulthood was associated with self-rated oral health, independent of previous and current social class.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The effect of social mobility on adult oral health has been investigated in several longitudinal studies, although most have focused on intergenerational mobility [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Only two previous studies have looked at intragenerational mobility in relation to oral health [12,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intragenerational social mobility and self-rated oral health in the british cohort study

Khairuddin

Bernabé

Delgado‐Angulo

2021

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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“…It was recorded that low standard of life increases the prevalence of periodontitis. 24 Another risk factor which plays a critical role in periodontitis is the different human habits. It was stated that poor oral hygiene habits increase the risk of periodontitis.…”

Section: Host Immune Response In Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines and Chemokines in Periodontitis

et al. 2020

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Periodontitis is a common inflammatory periodontal disease affecting a wide range of population all over the world. The causing bacteria releases chemicals which activate the innate immune system to release proinﬂammatory cytokines contributing to more progression. This activates the acquired immune system leading to more progression of periodontitis. As the immune response goes on, released cytokines and chemokines can damage the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone. There are many types of cytokines and chemokines in periodontitis. Cytokines are peptide mediators who are responsible for cell signaling and communication. Chemokines are a large subfamily of cytokines having the ability to coordinate leukocyte recruitment and activation. This paper is a narrative review of the literature.This review ensures that inflammatory mediators in the case of periodontitis can cause a noticeable damage in the whole apparatus of the periodontium. It causes soft tissue inflammation and bone damage affected by the mediators of both innate and acquired immune system.The inflammatory process is accompanied by large network of cytokines and chemokines. There is high expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and regulatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-1(RA) receptor antagonist, IL-10, and induced protein (IP)-10. There is also increased production of cytokines IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, IP-10, IL-1RA, and IL-4. Cytokines IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and prostaglandin E2 trigger the osteoclast activity causing bone resorption.

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“…Upwardly mobile income between childhood and adolescence improved dental care (Peres et al 2007). Later on, when 31 years old, Schuch et al (2018b) showed that adults belonging to low-and fluctuating-income trajectories from childhood to adulthood had twice as much the prevalence of periodontitis than in participants from stable high-income trajectories. The direct effect of early-life poverty on periodontitis in adulthood was also confirmed (Schuch et al 2018a).…”

Section: Is Low Individual/ Household-level Income Related To Worse Omentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Income and Oral Health: A Critical Review

2019

Self Cite

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In this critical review, we summarized the evidence on associations between individual/household income and oral health, between income inequality and oral health, and income-related inequalities in oral health. Meta-analyses of mainly cross-sectional studies confirm that low individual/household income is associated with oral cancer (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–3.65), dental caries prevalence (prevalence ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18–1.41), any caries experience (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19–1.65), tooth loss (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.48–1.86), and traumatic dental injuries (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65–0.89). Reviews also confirm qualitatively that low income is associated with periodontal disease and poor oral health–related quality of life. Limited evidence from the United States shows that psychosocial and behavioral explanations only partially explain associations between low individual/household income and oral health. Few country-level studies and a handful of subnational studies from the United States, Japan, and Brazil show associations between area-level income inequality and poor oral health. However, this evidence is conflicting given that the association between area-level income inequality and oral health outcomes varies considerably by contexts and by oral health outcomes. Evidence also shows cross-national variations in income-related inequalities in oral health outcomes of self-rated oral health, dental care, oral health–related quality of life, outcomes of dental caries, and outcomes of tooth loss. There is a lack of discussion in oral health literature about limitations of using income as a measure of social position. Future studies on the relationship between income and oral health can benefit substantially from recent theoretical and methodological advancements in social epidemiology that include application of an intersectionality framework, improvements in reporting of inequality, and causal modeling approaches. Theoretically well-informed studies that apply robust epidemiological methods are required to address knowledge gaps for designing relevant policy interventions to reduce income-related inequalities in oral health.

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Effect of life‐course family income trajectories on periodontitis: Birth cohort study

Abstract: Low and variable life course income increased the prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis at age 31 years. The findings may inform programmes in identifying and targeting potentially at-risk groups during the life course to prevent periodontitis.

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Intragenerational social mobility and self-rated oral health in the british cohort study

Intragenerational social mobility and self-rated oral health in the british cohort study

Cytokines and Chemokines in Periodontitis

The Relationship between Income and Oral Health: A Critical Review

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