Complete Circularized Genome Sequences of Four Strains of Elizabethkingia anophelis, Including Two Novel Strains Isolated from Wild-Caught
            <i>Anopheles sinensis</i>

Pei, Dong; Nicholson, Ainsley C.; Jiang, Jinjin; Whitney, Anne M.; Villarma, Aaron; Bell, Melissa; Humrighouse, Ben W.; Rowe, Lori A.; Sheth, Mili; Batra, Dhwani; Juieng, Phalasy; Loparev, Vladimir N.; McQuiston, John R.; Lan, Yuhao; Ma, Yajun; Xu, Jianchu

doi:10.1128/genomea.01359-17

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is ubiquitously distributed in diverse natural environments including water, soil, sediment, plants, and animal digestive tracts (2, 3). E. anophelis associates symbiotically with the gut lumen environment of Anopheles (1) and Aedes mosquitoes, whether in wild-caught individuals or those from insectary colonies (4, 5). E. anophelis enriched in the larval Anopheles gut during filter feeding from the surrounding water medium, transmitted transtadially from larval to adult gut lumen during metamorphosis, and transmitted vertically to the next generation through an uncharacterized mechanism (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elizabethkingia anophelisresponse to iron stress: physiologic, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses

Chen

Johnson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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28Elizabethkingia anophelis bacteria encounter fluxes of iron in the midgut of mosquitoes, 29where they live as symbionts. They also establish bacteremia with severe clinical 30 manifestations in humans, and live in water service lines in hospitals. In this study, we 31 investigated the global gene expression responses of E. anophelis to iron fluxes in the midgut 32 of female Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes fed sucrose or blood, and in iron-poor or iron-rich 33 culture conditions. Of 3,686 transcripts revealed by RNAseq technology, 218 were upregulated 34 while 112 were down-regulated under iron-poor conditions. Most of these differentially 35 expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in functional groups assigned within "biological 36 process," "cell component" and "molecular function" categories. E. anophelis possessed 4 37 iron/heme acquisition systems. Hemolysin gene expression was significantly repressed when 38 cells were grown under iron-rich or high temperature (37℃) conditions. Furthermore, 39 hemolysin gene expression was down-regulated after a blood meal, indicating that E. anophelis 40 cells responded to excess iron and its associated physiological stress by limiting iron loading. 41By contrast, genes encoding respiratory chain proteins were up-regulated under iron-rich 42 conditions, allowing these iron-containing proteins to chelate intracellular free iron. In vivo 43 studies showed that growth of E. anophelis cells increased 3-fold in blood-fed mosquitoes over 44 those in sucrose-fed ones. Deletion of aerobactin synthesis genes led to impaired cell growth 45 in both iron-rich and iron-poor media. Mutants showed more susceptibility to H 2 O 2 toxicity 46 and less biofilm formation than did wild-type cells. Mosquitoes with E. anophelis 47 experimentally colonized in their guts produced more eggs than did those treated with 48 erythromycin or left unmanipulated, as controls. Results reveal that E. anophelis bacteria 49 respond to varying iron concentration in the mosquito gut, harvest iron while fending off iron-50 associated stress, contribute to lysis of red blood cells, and positively influence mosquito host 51 fecundity. 52

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elizabethkingia anophelisresponse to iron stress: physiologic, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses

Chen

Johnson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Mosquito-derived strains included R26 T and Ag1 from An. gambiae (19, 20), EaAs1 from An. stephensi (21) and AR4-6 and AR6-8 from wild caught An.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…stephensi (21) and AR4-6 and AR6-8 from wild caught An. sinensis (20). Strains that were associated with human infections and recent outbreaks were from the Central Africa Republic (9, 39), Singapore (35), Hong Kong (11), China (45), Wisconsin, USA (13, 14), and Taiwan (16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the type strain R26 T and strain Ag1 were derived from An. gambiae mosquitoes (19, 20). Strain EaAs1 was isolated from An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…stephensi mosquitoes (21), and strains AR4-6 and AR6-8 were obtained from wild caught specimens of the mosquito An. sinensis in China (20). There has been no epidemiological link between human cases and mosquitoes, and the circumstances of certain outbreaks preclude any possibility of mosquitos being a vector for E. anophelis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In SilicoIdentification of Three Types of Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) inElizabethkingia anophelisStrains Isolated from Around the World

Pei

Nicholson

et al. 2018

Preprint

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27Elizabethkingia anophelis is an emerging global multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen. 28 We assessed the diversity among 13 complete genomes and 23 draft genomes of E. anophelis 29 derived from various environmental settings and human infections from different geographic 30 regions around the world over past decades from 1950s. Thirty-one of these 36 strains harbor 31 integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). A total of 52 ICEs were identified, and 32 categorized into three ICE types based on the architecture of signature genes in the 33 conjugation module. The type II and III ICEs were found to integrate into regions adjacent to 34 tRNA genes, while type I ICEs used a variety of integration sites, inserting into intergenic 35 regions or even directly into a gene, sometimes disrupting gene function. Integrases such as 36 tyrosine recombinases, serine recombinases and DDE transposases were found in most ICEs. 37 The ICEs carry various cargo genes including transcription regulators and those involved in 38 antibiotic resistance. The CRISPR-Cas system was found in nine strains, including four 39 strains in which CRISPR-Cas machinery and ICEs co-exist. ICE distribution in the strains 40 showed no geographic or temporal patterns. The ICEs in E. anophelis differ in gene structure 41 and sequence from CTnDOT, a well-studied ICE prevalent in Bacteroides spp. This is the 42 first set of ICEs identified in the family Flavobacteriaceae. As a prevalent type of mobile 43 genetic elements in various strains of E. anophelis around the world, the categorization of 44 ICEs will facilitate further investigations such as virulence, genome epidemiology and 45 adaptation genomics of E. anophelis. 46 Importance 47Elizabethkingia anophelis is an opportunistic human pathogen, and the genetic diversity 48 between strains from around the world becomes apparent as more genomes are sequenced. 49The Integrative Conjugative Element (ICE), found in many bacterial species, contains genes 50 3 for transfer via conjugation and integration into the chromosome, along with various cargo 51 genes. ICEs are identified in 31 of 36 strains and categorized into three types based on 52 architecture of modular genes, integrases, and integration sites. ICE distribution in different 53 strains displays no spatial and temporal patterns. Several ICE-containing strains also 54 possessed CRISPR-Cas units, considered to be the bacterial adaptive immune system 55 providing protection against phage and predatory mobile genetic elements. This co-existence 56 suggests that ICEs are beneficial or at least not harmful to the bacterial cells they inhabit. 57ICEs as a component of the mobile genetic repertoire enable recipients to resist antibiotics, 58 survive disinfecting agents, and adapt to various ecological niches.

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Whole-genome sequence and resistance determinants of four Elizabethkingia anophelis clinical isolates collected in Hanoi, Vietnam

Commans,

Hayer,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Four isolates of the opportunistic pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis were identified for the first time in a Vietnamese hospital and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genomic characterization by whole-genome sequencing. Complete, fully circularized genome sequences were obtained for all four isolates. Average Nucleotide Identity analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism phylogenetic analysis on the core genome showed that three of the four isolates were genetically distinct, ruling out the hypothesis of a single strain emergence. Antibiotic susceptibility testing highlighted multi-resistant phenotypes against most antimicrobial families, including beta-lactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, quinolones, macrolides, amphenicols, rifamycins and glycopeptides. Additionally, in silico genomic analysis was used to correlate the phenotypic susceptibility to putative resistance determinants, including resistance genes, point mutations and multidrug efflux pumps. Nine different resistance genes were located inside a single resistance pocket predicted to be a putative Integrative and Conjugative Element (ICE). This novel ICE was shared by three isolates from two different lineages and displayed similarity with ICEs previously reported in various Elizabethkingia and Chryseobacterium species. The role of such ICEs in pathogenicity, genome plasticity and antimicrobial resistance gene spread within the Flavobacteriaceae family needs to be further elucidated.

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Complete Circularized Genome Sequences of Four Strains of Elizabethkingia anophelis, Including Two Novel Strains Isolated from Wild-Caught Anopheles sinensis

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Elizabethkingia anophelisresponse to iron stress: physiologic, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses

Elizabethkingia anophelisresponse to iron stress: physiologic, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses

In SilicoIdentification of Three Types of Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) inElizabethkingia anophelisStrains Isolated from Around the World

Whole-genome sequence and resistance determinants of four Elizabethkingia anophelis clinical isolates collected in Hanoi, Vietnam

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