Roles and clinical implications of microRNAs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ultimo, Simona; Martelli, Alberto M.; Zauli, Giorgio; Vitale, Marco; Calin, George A.; Neri, Luca M.

doi:10.1002/jcp.26290

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…In 75% of cases, ALL originate from precursors of the B-cell lineage; the remaining cases consist of malignant T-cell precursors [48]. The expression profiling of miRNAs in ALL could be used for the classification, setting specific diagnoses, and proposing the prognostic importance of ALL in the future [49]. Jin J et al investigated the expression and possible targets of miR-144 in ALL patients.…”

Section: Mir-144 In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic/Prognostic Tool in Cancers

Kooshkaki

Rezaei

Rahmati

et al. 2020

IJMS

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and non-coding RNAs that display aberrant expression in the tissue and plasma of cancer patients when tested in comparison to healthy individuals. In past decades, research data proposed that miRNAs could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. It has been confirmed that miRNAs can act either as oncogenes by silencing tumor inhibitors or as tumor suppressors by targeting oncoproteins. MiR-144s are located in the chromosomal region 17q11.2, which is subject to significant damage in many types of cancers. In this review, we assess the involvement of miR-144s in several cancer types by illustrating the possible target genes that are related to each cancer, and we also briefly describe the clinical applications of miR-144s as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in cancers.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2578 2 of 23 of a mRNA molecule [3]. MiRNAs indicate a new perspective in the study of cancers. More than 50% of miRNA genes were discovered to be located within the genomic regions that are involved in cancers, suggesting their role in human cancer pathogenesis. In pathological conditions, MiRNAs can negatively regulate gene expression and they are associated with tumor growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. In the past, several studies have indicated the ability of miRNAs in the inhibition of tumors as a critical option for the improvement of cancer therapy [4,5]. Tumor activator miRNAs, called oncomiRs, are overexpressed in various cancers. On the contrary, suppressive tumor miRNAs are underexpressed [6][7][8]. Among several miRNAs assessed, miR-144s seem to have a role in several cancers. These miRNAs are located in the chromosomal region 17q11.2, being significantly destroyed in many types of cancers. The predicted stem-loop structure of miR-144s recognized by the miRBase (http://mirbase.org/) is shown in Figure 1A. The miR-144 hairpin gives rise to the "guide strand" miR-144-5p and the sister "passenger" strand miR-144-3p ( Figure 1B).

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Section: Mir-144 In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic/Prognostic Tool in Cancers

Kooshkaki

Rezaei

Rahmati

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…These micro markers have proven to be very promising chALL biomarkers and have widespread clinical applications because of their stability and resistance to degradation in not only blood, but also various biological specimens (such as tissue, sputum, stool and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens), easily measured, and most importantly, their quantities correlates with the presence of the malignancy or with clinically relevant malignancy features (8,14,(95)(96)(97). Recent studies have revealed that extracellular circulating miRNA levels in secreted membrane vesicles (microvesicles and exosomes), blood serum, and other body fluids can be used as biomarkers to diagnose, classify and predict prognosis of chALL (96,(98)(99)(100)(101). miRNA expression dysregulation in cancers is because of different mechanisms, such as deletion or amplification of miRNA related genes, abnormal transcriptional control of miRNAs, epigenetic dysregulation and defects in the biogenesis machinery of miRNA (102).…”

Section: Mirna Levels Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the promising characteristics of high stability, low cost, possibility of repeated sampling and noninvasiveness, circulating biomarkers have received extensive attention in molecular medicine nowadays. Compelling evidences have shown that these types of biomarkers are measurable in secreted membrane vesicles (microvesicles and exosomes), blood serum, and other body fluids and can be used as biomarkers to diagnose, classify, follow-up and predict prognosis in chALL (96,(98)(99)(100)(101). It has been suggested that extracellular circulating biomarkers play an important role in intracellular communication in both paracrine and endocrine manners (101).…”

Section: Circulating Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Resistance Biomarkers and Their Clinical Applications in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

et al. 2020

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Biomarkers are biological molecules found in body fluids or tissues, which can be considered as indications of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease. There are various types of biomarkers based on their application and molecular alterations. Treatment-sensitivity or drug resistance biomarkers include prognostic and predictive molecules with utmost importance in selecting appropriate treatment protocols and improving survival rates. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent hematological malignancy diagnosed in children with nearly 80% cure rate. Despite the favorable survival rates of childhood ALL (chALL), resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and, as a consequence, a dismal prognosis develops in a significant number of patients. Therefore, there are urgent needs to have robust, sensitive, and disease-specific molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers, which could allow better risk classification and then better clinical results. In this article, we review the currently known drug resistance biomarkers, including somatic or germ line nucleic acids, epigenetic alterations, protein expressions and metabolic variations. Moreover, biomarkers with potential clinical applications are discussed.

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“…Left-right asymmetry during neuronal development, cardiogenesis, and fluid balance are some of the biological functions in which they are actively involved [20][21][22]. Alterations in miRNA pathways have been implicated in a variety of human cancers and in infectious and noninfectious diseases, including autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic diseases [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs as Influencers of Cell–Cell Communication in Tumor Microenvironment

Conti

Varano

Simioni

et al. 2020

Cells

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microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, inducing the degradation of the target mRNA or translational repression. MiRNAs are involved in the control of a multiplicity of biological processes, and their absence or altered expression has been associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Recently, extracellular miRNAs (ECmiRNAs) have been described as mediators of intercellular communication in multiple contexts, including tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells cooperate with stromal cells and elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to establish a comfortable niche to grow, to evade the immune system, and to expand. Within the tumor microenvironment, cells release ECmiRNAs and other factors in order to influence and hijack the physiological processes of surrounding cells, fostering tumor progression. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of multicomplex diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, and cancer, focusing on the contribution of both intracellular miRNAs, and of released ECmiRNAs in the establishment and development of cancer niche. We also review growing evidence suggesting the use of miRNAs as novel targets or potential tools for therapeutic applications.

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Roles and clinical implications of microRNAs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Cited by 36 publications

References 120 publications

MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic/Prognostic Tool in Cancers

MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic/Prognostic Tool in Cancers

Drug Resistance Biomarkers and Their Clinical Applications in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

miRNAs as Influencers of Cell–Cell Communication in Tumor Microenvironment

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