Characterization of<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>from Animal Clinical Specimens, Spain

Vela, Ana Isabel; Villalón, Pilar; Sáez-Nieto, Juan Antonio; Chacón, G.; Domı́nguez, Lucas; Fernández‐Garayzábal, J. F.

doi:10.3201/eid2312.151146

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is thus possible that certain humans are immune to gene drives, and future studies will undoubtedly shed light on this question. The presence of S. pyogenes has also been documented in a few animals such as macaques, mice, dogs, hedgehogs, rabbits and sheep [ (Vela et al 2017;Chen et al 2019) and references therein]. Whether these vertebrates may also be immune to gene drives remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Probability That the Immune System Does Not Eliminate Cas9-ementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Probability of CRISPR-based Gene Drive Contaminating Another Species

Courtier‐Orgogozo

Danchin

Gouyon

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The probability D that a given CRISPR-based gene drive element contaminates another, non-target species can be estimated by the following Drive Risk Assessment Quantitative Estimate (DRAQUE) Equation: D = ( hyb+transf).express.cut.flank.immune.nonextinct with hyb = probability of hybridization between the target species and a non-target species transf = probability of horizontal transfer of a piece of DNA containing the gene drive cassette from the target species to a non-target species (with no hybridization) express = probability that the Cas9 and guide RNA genes are expressed cut = probability that the CRISPR-guide RNA recognizes and cuts at a DNA site in the new host flank = probability that the gene drive cassette inserts at the cut site immune = probability that the immune system does not reject Cas9 -expressing cells nonextinct = probability of invasion of the drive within the populationWe discuss and estimate each of the seven parameters of the equation, with particular emphasis on possible transfers within insects, and between rodents and humans. We conclude from current data that the probability of a gene drive cassette to contaminate another species is not insignificant. We propose strategies to reduce this risk and call for more work on estimating all the parameters of the formula.

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Section: Probability That the Immune System Does Not Eliminate Cas9-ementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Probability of CRISPR-based Gene Drive Contaminating Another Species

Courtier‐Orgogozo

Danchin

Gouyon

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The so-called “flesh-eating bacterium” Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive β-hemolytic pathogen that strictly infects humans in natural settings [ 1 , 2 ]. Although S. pyogenes can colonize the throat and skin asymptomatically [ 3 ], the hallmark of S. pyogenes is its ability to cause a vast variety of diseases [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Strategies of Streptococcus pyogenes in Response to Phage Infection

Beerens

Franch-Arroyo

Sullivan

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Bacteriophages exert strong evolutionary pressure on their microbial hosts. In their lytic lifecycle, complete bacterial subpopulations are utilized as hosts for bacteriophage replication. However, during their lysogenic lifecycle, bacteriophages can integrate into the host chromosome and alter the host’s genomic make-up, possibly resulting in evolutionary important adjustments. Not surprisingly, bacteria have evolved sophisticated immune systems to protect against phage infection. Streptococcus pyogenes isolates are frequently lysogenic and their prophages have been shown to be major contributors to the virulence of this pathogen. Most S. pyogenes phage research has focused on genomic prophages in relation to virulence, but little is known about the defensive arsenal of S. pyogenes against lytic phage infection. Here, we characterized Phage A1, an S. pyogenes bacteriophage, and investigated several mechanisms that S. pyogenes utilizes to protect itself against phage predation. We show that Phage A1 belongs to the Siphoviridae family and contains a circular double-stranded DNA genome that follows a modular organization described for other streptococcal phages. After infection, the Phage A1 genome can be detected in isolated S. pyogenes survivor strains, which enables the survival of the bacterial host and Phage A1 resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the type II-A CRISPR-Cas system of S. pyogenes acquires new spacers upon phage infection, which are increasingly detectable in the absence of a capsule. Lastly, we show that S. pyogenes produces membrane vesicles that bind to phages, thereby limiting the pool of phages available for infection. Altogether, this work provides novel insight into survival strategies employed by S. pyogenes to combat phage predation.

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“…The rapid increase of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus has been reported worldwide from both pig and human isolates during the past two decades ( Princivalli et al, 2009 ; Palmieri et al, 2011 ; Vela et al, 2017 ). Although numerous resistance genes have been reported since the early 1980’s 1 ( Roberts, 2008 ), macrolide resistance in streptococci is primarily due to the ribosomal alteration of the 23S rRNA target site by methylases encoded by the erm genes, predominantly erm (B), which mediate resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (MLS B ) antimicrobials, and active efflux by the mef and msr genes ( Wilson, 2014 ; Fyfe et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Transfer of Different erm(B)-Carrying Mobile Elements Among Streptococcus suis Strains With Different Serotypes

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus suis is highly prevalent worldwide. The acquisition of the erm(B) gene mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in particular integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) is recognized as the main reason for the rapid spread of macrolide-resistant streptococcal strains. However, knowledge about different erm(B)-carrying elements responsible for the widespread of macrolide resistance and their transferability in S. suis remains poorly understood. In the present study, two erm(B)- and tet(O)-harboring putative ICEs, designated as ICESsuYSB17_rplL and ICESsuYSJ15_rplL, and a novel erm(B)- and aadE-spw-like-carrying genomic island (GI), named GISsuJHJ17_rpsI, were identified to be excised from the chromosome and transferred among S. suis strains with different serotypes. ICESsuYSB17_rplL and ICESsuYSJ15_rplL were integrated downstream the rplL gene, a conserve locus of the ICESa2603 family. GISsuJHJ17_rpsI, with no genes belonging to the conjugation module, was integrated into the site of rpsI. All transconjugants did not exhibit obvious fitness cost by growth curve and competition assays when compared with the recipient. The results demonstrate that different erm(B)-carrying elements were presented and highlight the role of these elements in the dissemination of macrolide resistance in S. suis.

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Characterization ofStreptococcus pyogenesfrom Animal Clinical Specimens, Spain

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluating the Probability of CRISPR-based Gene Drive Contaminating Another Species

Evaluating the Probability of CRISPR-based Gene Drive Contaminating Another Species

Survival Strategies of Streptococcus pyogenes in Response to Phage Infection

Horizontal Transfer of Different erm(B)-Carrying Mobile Elements Among Streptococcus suis Strains With Different Serotypes

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