Wrinkling formation in simply-supported graphenes under tension and compression loadings

Androulidakis, Ch.; Koukaras, Emmanuel Ν.; Carbone, Maria Giovanna Pastore; Hadjinicolaou, Μaria; Galiotis, Costas

doi:10.1039/c7nr06463b

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The dimensions of the approximately rectangular 2LG flake were ~35 μm (length) and ~60 μm (width), and those of the 1LG flake are 30 μm (length) and ~35 μm (width), which were large enough to ensure efficient load transfer at all strains 16 in both the loading and the transverse directions. At rest the flakes appear to be quite flat having only a small and smooth fluctuation of ±0.5 nm in the out-of-plane direction which corresponds to the surface roughness of the polymer substrate, in agreement with measurements conducted previously 14 (Fig. 1d).…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that wrinkles in the form of delaminated folds in supported graphenes can be formed either by uniaxial compression or uniaxial tension beyond a certain critical load, depending on the mode of loading. In the first case, the wrinkling direction is perpendicular to the compression axis whereas in tension, wrinkles of the same pattern originate parallel to the loading direction due to Poisson’s contraction exerted laterally by the underlying polymer substrate 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosaic pattern formation in exfoliated graphene by mechanical deformation

et al. 2019

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Graphene is susceptible to morphological instabilities such as wrinkles and folds, which result from the imposition of thermo-mechanical stresses upon cooling from high temperatures and/ or under biaxial loading. A particular pattern encountered in CVD graphene is that of mosaic formation. Although it is understood that this pattern results from the severe biaxial compression upon cooling from high temperatures, it has not been possible to create such a complex pattern at room temperature by mechanical loading. Herein, we have managed by means of lateral wrinkling induced by tension and Euler buckling resulting from uniaxial compression upon unloading, to create such patterns in exfoliated graphene. We also show that these patterns can be used as channels for trapping or administering fluids at interstitial space between graphene and its support. This opens a whole dearth of new applications in the area of nano-fluidics but also in photo-electronics and sensor technologies.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosaic pattern formation in exfoliated graphene by mechanical deformation

et al. 2019

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“…The architecture of graphene membranes can be tailored either through strain engineering 20 , 21 or through the introduction of localized defects 22 – 27 , leading to controllable construction of complex nanostructures such as nanoscrolls 22 , 25 and nanocages 23 , 26 . Graphene, and other 2D materials discovered recently are characterized by unique mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive response and buckling of graphene nanoribbons

Sgouros

Kalosakas

Papagelis

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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We examine the mechanical response of single layer graphene nanoribbons (GNR) under constant compressive loads through molecular dynamics simulations. Compressive stress-strain curves are presented for GNRs of various lengths and widths. The dependence of GNR’s buckling resistance on its size, aspect ratio, and chiral angle is discussed and approximate corresponding relations are provided. A single master curve describing the dependence of the critical buckling stress of GNRs on their aspect ratio is presented. Our findings were compared to the continuum elasticity theories for wide plates and wide columns. In the large width limit, the response of the GNRs agrees with the predictions of the wide plates theory and thus, with that of wide graphenes. In the small width limit, the behavior of graphene nanoribbons deviates from that of periodic graphenes due to various edge related effects which govern the stiffness and the stability of the graphene membranes, but it qualitatively agrees with the theory of wide columns. In order to assess the effect of thermal fluctuations on the critical buckling stress a wide range of temperatures is examined. The findings of the current study could provide important insights regarding the feasibility and the evaluation of the performance of graphene-based devices.

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“…However, in this case the graphene sheets contain structural imperfections such as a network of wrinkles, cracks and folds [20][21][22][23][24][25], which can generally be defined as defects [26][27][28][29][30] and impair somewhat the properties of the finished products. According to Han et al [31], the onset of crack nucleation occurs near the presence of defects, determine graphene's performance under tensile loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the adhesion of graphene to polymer substrates by controlled defect formation

et al. 2018

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The mechanical integrity of composite materials depends primarily on the interface strength and the defect density of the reinforcement which is the provider of enhanced strength and stiffness. In the case of graphene/ polymer nanocomposites which are characterized by an extremely large interface region, any defects in the inclusion (such as folds, cracks, holes etc.) will have a detrimental effect to the internal strain distribution and the resulting mechanical performance. This conventional wisdom, however, can be challenged if the defect size is reduced beyond the critical size for crack formation to the level of atomic vacancies. In that case, there should be no practical effect on crack propagation and depending on the nature of the vacancies the interface strength may be in fact increase.In this work we employed argon ion (Ar + ) bombardment and subsequent exposure to hydrogen (H2) to induce (as revealed by X-ray & Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) and Raman spectroscopy) passivated atomic single vacancies to CVD graphene. The modified graphene was subsequently transferred to PMMA bars and the morphology, wettability and the interface adhesion of the CVD graphene/PMMA system were investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy technique and Raman analysis. The results obtained showed clearly an overall improved mechanical behavior of graphene/polymer interface, since an increase as well a more uniform shift distribution with strain is observed. This paves the way for interface engineering in graphene/polymer systems which, in pristine condition, suffer from premature graphene slippage and subsequent failure.

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Wrinkling formation in simply-supported graphenes under tension and compression loadings

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

Mosaic pattern formation in exfoliated graphene by mechanical deformation

Mosaic pattern formation in exfoliated graphene by mechanical deformation

Compressive response and buckling of graphene nanoribbons

Enhancing the adhesion of graphene to polymer substrates by controlled defect formation

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