Endovascular Treatment of 12 Cases of Renal Arteriovenous Malformations: The Experience of 1 Center and an Overview of the Literature

Abstract

Renal artery embolization with the selective use of various embolic materials is an effective treatment for patients with rAVMs. The existence of multiple fine feeding vessels arising from the proximal portion of different segmental renal arteries is likely to affect the technical success of treatment.

Congenital Renal Arteriovenous Malformation: A Rare but Treatable Cause of Hypertension

“…Diagnosis of these vascular anomalies is often confirmed with CT angiography, MR angiography, or angiography [5]. Angiography with a direct selective angiogram of the malformation is the most helpful in complete characterization [6,7], and is the method of choice for interventional treatment [6].…”

“…In the setting of high-flow vessels, coils are efficient occluding agents and, in some cases, can be followed with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), a liquid embolic agent that can easily fill the spaces left by coils [6]. Low-flow areas may be more amenable to liquid agents or small, injectable embolic particles; however, the risk of distal embolization must be kept in mind when using these agents [6,8]. Embolization leads to resolution of hypertension in 59% of patients treated [8].…”

Renal arteriovenous malformation treated using glue embolization under inflow and outflow control by balloon occlusion

“…Their treatment has evolved from open nephrectomy to transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Among the various embolization materials used during TAE, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) is a liquid embolization agent that yields relatively better outcomes [2 , 3] . However, liquid embolization agents are challenging to control; if uncontrolled, they may migrate to the systemic circulation, thereby increasing the risk of pulmonary arterial embolism.…”

Ultrasound diagnosis of renal arteriovenous malformation in a young adult: An underrecognized cause of recurrent haematuria

“…Renal AVMs may be congenital or acquired secondary to biopsy, intervention, malignancy or trauma. 1 Congenital renal AVMs are relatively rare and asymptomatic lesions can be detected incidentally on imaging studies. However, the classical presentation of renal AVMs is sudden onset flank pain with recurrent haematuria and urinary bladder clot retention.…”

“…It is formed by abnormal communication between arteries and veins with absent intervening capillary bed. Renal AVMs may be congenital or acquired secondary to biopsy, intervention, malignancy or trauma 1 . Congenital renal AVMs are relatively rare and asymptomatic lesions can be detected incidentally on imaging studies.…”