Anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities of cupressuflavone from Cupressus macrocarpa: Impact on pro‐inflammatory mediators

Abstract

Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery Inflammation is a complex biological process that is generally occurs in response to pathological triggers. Both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer have been linked to inflammation. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of cupressuflavone (CUF) isolated from Cupressus macrocarpa were examined. The analgesic effects of CUF (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg po) were assessed in the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate models in mice with diclofenac sodium as the reference standard (100 mg/kg). CUF dose-dependently inhibited the writhing response in mice by 25, 48, and 62%, at the three CUF doses with 160 mg/kg being equivalent to the diclofenac control. CUF dose-dependently increased the hot plate model reaction time with a maximal effect after 120 min. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model of inflammation, CUF demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting paw edema by 55, 60, and 64% at doses of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg po, respectively. CUF also reduced the plasma pro-inflammatory mediators PGE (44, 54, and 58%), TNF-α (26, 37, and 53%), IL-1β (19, 33, and 41%), and IL-6 (32, 44, and 55%) at the three doses tested with the highest dose having similar effects to diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg). This finding from this study indicates that CUF has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activities of epicatechin gallate from Bauhinia hookeri

“…Based on these findings, it can be concluded that ECG is safe. The doses 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were chosen for further experiments to evaluate analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activities of ECG as described previously (Al‐Sayed et al, ).…”

“…Sub‐planter injection of 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan into the right hind paws of all animal groups ( n = 8 per group) was performed to induce paw inflammation and edema (Al‐Sayed et al, ). The thickness of injected paws and contra‐lateral paws were measured using a skin caliper at 0, 60, 120,180, 240, and 300 min intervals.…”

“…Vascular leak occurs through vascular endothelial cell lining and leads to the exudation of inflammatory proteins and edema. Inflammatory mediators such as histamine, serotonin, peptides, nitric oxide (NO), eicosanoids, prostaglandins (i.e., PGE2), leukotrienes, and cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1, and IL‐6) have a crucial role in the acute inflammatory reactions and induce the inflammatory signs such as pain, swelling and redness (Al‐Sayed, Gad, El‐Shazly, Abdel‐Daim, & Singab, ; Williams, Mann, & DuBois, ). The persistent mismanagement of this well‐orchestrated acute inflammatory response results in chronic inflammation.…”

<i>N</i>-Linoleyltyrosine Protects against Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Gerbil <i>via</i> CB2 Receptor Involvement in PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

“…The neuronal death in the hippocampus is accompanied by inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which could eventually induce apoptosis. 22) Accordingly, NITyr could obviously decrease the release of inflammatory cytokines that could induce the inflammatory cascade, thereby ameliorate central nervous systems disorders. 23) Meanwhile, lipid peroxidation products and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were strikingly ameliorated in the NITyr group consisted with our previous observations of N-stearoyl amino acids in ischemiareperfusion injury.…”

Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta polysaccharide inhibits inflammatory responses through suppressing both NF‐κB and MAPK signaling pathway

“…Mounting evidence supports the notion that many natural products have potential anti‐inflammatory activity . Polysaccharides – common components of natural products that have been extensively studied as dietary supplements and functional foods – have been found to have anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, liver protective, anti‐hyperglycemic, antibacterial and antioxidant activity in the past few years .…”