“…An ideal fully integrated microfluidic device for POCT should be ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and delivery to end users), enabling NAT implemented by non-professional personnel away from central laboratories in a short time. Recently, with the emerging miniaturized and equipment-free NAT technologies ( Li et al, 2020 ), various microfluidic devices consisting of NA extraction, NA amplification and signal readout ( Goller et al, 2018 ; Jovanovich et al, 2015 ) have been proposed to realize fully integrated NATs, which can be mainly classified by paper-based microfluidics ( Choi et al, 2016b ; Lafleur et al, 2016 ; Seok et al, 2017 ; Tang et al, 2017 ) and chip-based microfluidics ( Ganguli et al, 2017 ; Hajian et al, 2019 ; Oh et al, 2016 ; Yeh et al, 2017 ). For instance, the development of membrane-based NA extraction techniques, such as FTA card and FTA Elute card (Whatman), enables the integration of NA extraction process on chips ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Trinh et al, 2020 ; Trinh et al, 2019 ).…”