Abstract:The results of the present study have important implications for practice. Mothers of preterm multiples are at higher risk to present mental health difficulties, in comparison to mothers of singletons, especially when exposed to socioeconomic adversities. The development of psychosocial intervention programs and public policies are of decisive importance in helping mothers of multiples adjust to parenthood.
“…The use of developmental intervention services also was associated with intraindividual cognitive decline, although this finding was attenuated after adjusting for family clustering. In line with prior reports, 13,54 preterm multiples were more likely to have received interventions than singletons, potentially due higher rates of delay at 2 years.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 87%
“…As prior VPT cohorts 9,10 had fewer single parent, ethnic minority, and low socio-economic families than typical American cohorts, 8,11 previous findings may not generalize to more disadvantaged samples 12 and have not accounted for shared variance in social background among preterm multiples despite these families experiencing greater social hardships and parenting stress. 13 Parenting stress and family dysfunction are associated with VPT birth 14 and social risk 15 yet the extent to which these factors underlie developmental variation among VPT children is unclear. In addition, maternal intelligence co-varies with education and occupation status 16,17 and predicts cross-sectional cognitive, language and motor outcomes in term and VPT children.…”
Objective:
To assess the extent to which social and family factors explain variability in cognitive, language, and motor development among very preterm (VPT; <30 weeks of gestation) children from 2 to 5 years of age.
Study design:
As part of a longitudinal study, VPT children recruited as neonates were assessed at 2 (n=87) and 5 (n=83) years using standardized tests of cognitive, language, and motor ability alongside demographically-matched full term (FT) children (n=63). For VPT children, developmental change scores were calculated for each domain to assess within-individual variability to 5 years of age. Multivariate regression and mixed-effect models examined social risk index, parenting stress, family functioning, and maternal intellectual ability as predictors of developmental variation among VPT children.
Results:
VPT children demonstrated poorer cognitive, language, and motor abilities than FT children at 2 (P ≤ .001) and 5 (p<.002) years of age. Social adversity was associated with cognitive (p<.001) and language (p<.001) outcomes at both ages, with parenting stress also related to cognitive outcomes (p=.03). Infant medical risk was associated with motor outcome at 5 years (p=.01). VPT children showed considerable within-individual variation between assessments. Among VPT children, neonatal white matter abnormalities predicted worsening cognitive (p=.04) and motor development (p=.01). Social risk index predicted worsening language development (p=.04), but this association was subsequently explained by dysfunctional maternal affective involvement (p=.01) and lower maternal intellectual ability (p=.05).
Conclusions:
Both clinical and socioenvironmental factors are associated with cognitive, language and motor developmental variation among VPT children from infancy to early school age.
“…The use of developmental intervention services also was associated with intraindividual cognitive decline, although this finding was attenuated after adjusting for family clustering. In line with prior reports, 13,54 preterm multiples were more likely to have received interventions than singletons, potentially due higher rates of delay at 2 years.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 87%
“…As prior VPT cohorts 9,10 had fewer single parent, ethnic minority, and low socio-economic families than typical American cohorts, 8,11 previous findings may not generalize to more disadvantaged samples 12 and have not accounted for shared variance in social background among preterm multiples despite these families experiencing greater social hardships and parenting stress. 13 Parenting stress and family dysfunction are associated with VPT birth 14 and social risk 15 yet the extent to which these factors underlie developmental variation among VPT children is unclear. In addition, maternal intelligence co-varies with education and occupation status 16,17 and predicts cross-sectional cognitive, language and motor outcomes in term and VPT children.…”
Objective:
To assess the extent to which social and family factors explain variability in cognitive, language, and motor development among very preterm (VPT; <30 weeks of gestation) children from 2 to 5 years of age.
Study design:
As part of a longitudinal study, VPT children recruited as neonates were assessed at 2 (n=87) and 5 (n=83) years using standardized tests of cognitive, language, and motor ability alongside demographically-matched full term (FT) children (n=63). For VPT children, developmental change scores were calculated for each domain to assess within-individual variability to 5 years of age. Multivariate regression and mixed-effect models examined social risk index, parenting stress, family functioning, and maternal intellectual ability as predictors of developmental variation among VPT children.
Results:
VPT children demonstrated poorer cognitive, language, and motor abilities than FT children at 2 (P ≤ .001) and 5 (p<.002) years of age. Social adversity was associated with cognitive (p<.001) and language (p<.001) outcomes at both ages, with parenting stress also related to cognitive outcomes (p=.03). Infant medical risk was associated with motor outcome at 5 years (p=.01). VPT children showed considerable within-individual variation between assessments. Among VPT children, neonatal white matter abnormalities predicted worsening cognitive (p=.04) and motor development (p=.01). Social risk index predicted worsening language development (p=.04), but this association was subsequently explained by dysfunctional maternal affective involvement (p=.01) and lower maternal intellectual ability (p=.05).
Conclusions:
Both clinical and socioenvironmental factors are associated with cognitive, language and motor developmental variation among VPT children from infancy to early school age.
“…Baptista et al studied mothers whose ex-preterm infants were now one year of age [Baptista, 2018]. According to this study, mothers of preterm multiples were more like to experience stress than their singleton counterparts.…”
Section: Mothers Of Preterm Multiple Infants Compared To Mothers Of P...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They also reported that mothers of preterm multiples, when facing poor socioeconomic circumstances, were likely to experience higher levels of psychological symptoms. These psychological symptoms were assessed using the BSI (brief symptom inventory), which included anxiety [Baptista, 2018].…”
Section: Mothers Of Preterm Multiple Infants Compared To Mothers Of P...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Limitations noted included the small sample size and those regarding the explorations of elements related to time which could not be addressed due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. They suggested the implementation of treatments designed to target and assist in the psychological well-being of parents of preterm multiples [Baptista, 2018]. Gondwe et al also found that mothers of preterm multiple infants experienced greater anxiety at discharge, as well as other psychological symptoms such as depression ad posttraumatic stress, which were greater than when compared to mothers of preterm singletons [Gondwe, 2020].…”
Section: Mothers Of Preterm Multiple Infants Compared To Mothers Of P...mentioning
Prematurity refers to the birth of a baby before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. This can be related to considerable parental anxiety and mental status changes. Anxiety can manifest as worrying thoughts, feelings of tension, and altered vital signs. This review aims to analyze the relationship between premature birth and parental anxiety, focusing on the emotional status of both mothers and fathers. The review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines. A search was undertaken in PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. Screening of articles was carried out to find relevant and appropriate articles. Articles were then quality-checked before inclusion. Our analysis showed that mothers of preterm infants had greater symptoms of anxiety, and comorbid anxiety and depression, than mothers of term infants. Mothers of preterm infants 5 years after discharge showed long-term consequences of stress and anxiety, including inappropriate responses and reduced praise for their children. Mothers of preterm multiples were more likely to experience stress and anxiety than mothers of preterm singletons. Fathers of preterm infants experienced higher levels of stress than fathers of term infants, but fathers of preterm infants experienced less stress than mothers of preterm infants. These findings suggest that routine mental health screening and intervention should be undertaken for both mothers and fathers of preterm infants.
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