The global burden of aortic valvular disease is increasing worldwide due to an increase in the aging population (Coffey et al., 2021).Conventional treatment of aortic valve disease typically involves surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), wherein the degenerated aortic valve cusps are excised completely to allow for surgical implantation of a prosthetic valve (Walther et al., 2012). Surgical cardiac intervention requires access to the thoracic cage, via a limited access incision but often it necessitates a median sternotomy. Thus, SAVR is precluded to patients at risk for surgery, such as those with prior surgical complications, chest wall anatomical defects, porcelain aorta, severe pulmonary hypertension, severe right ventricular dysfunction, frailty, radiation damage, severe liver disease, impaired renal function, diabetes mellitus, and severe lung disease (Kappetein et al., 2012). Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is fast emerging as an alternative intervention for this patient cohort. TAVI or TAVR is a minimally invasive, cost-effective (Mennini et al., 2022;Reynolds et al., 2012;Watt et al., 2012), a procedure wherein a prosthetic valve is implanted within the existing native aortic valve, without removal of the old damaged tissue. The new prosthetic valve is typically deployed via the transfemoral route, though other approaches include transapical, subclavian, direct aortic, and transcaval access. The first use of TAVI in humans took place in 2002 with the implantation of a balloon-expandable, stainless steel stented bovine pericardial aortic valve developed by Percutaneous Valve Technologies (later acquired by Edwards Lifesciences; Cribier et al., 2002). CoreValve (later acquired by Medtronic in 2009) followed with their self-expandable, nitinol stented bovine pericardial aortic valve prosthesis, with the first successful human implants in 2005 (Grube et al., 2005). Newer generations of these valves currently exist and other devices are entering the market currently indicated for certain populations or