Rotavirus A strains obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis in Mozambique, 2012-2013: G and P genotypes and phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and partial VP4 genes

João, ED; Strydom, Amy; O’Neill, Hester G.; Cuamba, Assa Júlio; Cassocera, Marta; Acácio, Sozinho; Mandomando, Inácio; Motanyane, Lithabiso; Page, Nicola; Deus, Nilsa de

doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3575-y

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Lineage III strains, on the other hand, are the mostly contemporary G12 strains detected since the mid-2000's and which are now globally prevalent in most continents. This analysis con rms that the genotype G12 strains circulating in these six sub-Saharan African countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia) clustered in lineage III with strains circulating all over the world, showing the dominance and biological competitiveness of these strains, which have persisted over the last two decades, in most continents [47][48][49]. Evidence of genetic variation was observed amongst the four G12 lineages in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

Rakau¹,

Nyaga²,

Gededzha³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: G12 rotaviruses were first observed in sub-Saharan Africa in 2004 and since then have continued to emerge and spread across the continent and are reported as a significant human rotavirus genotype in several African countries, both prior to and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. This study investigated the genetic variability of 15 G12 rotavirus strains with either P[6] or P[8] identified between 2010 and 2014 from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia.Methods: The investigation was carried out by comparing VP7 and partial VP4 sequences of the African G12P[6] and G12P[8] strains with the available GenBank sequences and mapping the recognized neutralization epitopes of these strains.Results: The findings suggested that the VP7 and VP4 genes of the G12 strains circulating in African countries are homologous at the nucleotide and amino acid level, irrespective of country of origin and year of detection, although there was a unique clustering of the Ethiopian strains. The study strains shared a common ancestry with G12 strains circulating globally. Neutralization epitope mapping revealed that rotavirus VP4 P[8] genes associated with G12 had amino acids similar to those reported globally including the vaccines RotaTeq® P[8] and Rotarix®.Conclusions: It is unlikely that widespread vaccine use has driven the molecular evolution and sustainability of G12 strains in Africa. Furthermore, it is too early post vaccine introduction to indicate any effect of vaccine-induced pressure on maintaining the stability of these strains in circulation. Continuous monitoring of rotavirus genotypes is recommended to assess the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on the dynamic nature of rotavirus evolution on the continent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

Rakau¹,

Nyaga²,

Gededzha³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…As reported before, G12P[6] (28.6%) and G2P[4] (23.1%) were the most predominant genotype combinations at HGM during 2012–2013 [ 24 ]. In 2014 and 2015, G1P[8] and G9P[8] with 84.8% and 73.7%, respectively, were detected at the highest frequencies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…For HGM, a total of 200 genotyped samples corresponded to the pre-vaccine period (2012–2015) and 43 to the post-vaccine period (2016–2019) ( Supplementary Table S3 ). The samples from the pre-vaccine period also included 91 genotyped samples collected at HGM between 2012 and 2013 from a cross-sectional study [ 24 ] to extend the analyses for this particular site ( Supplementary Table S3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus A Strains Pre- and Post-Vaccine (Rotarix®) Introduction in Mozambique, 2012–2019: Emergence of Genotypes G3P[4] and G3P[8]

et al. 2020

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Group A rotavirus (RVA) remains the most important etiological agent associated with severe acute diarrhea in children. Rotarix® monovalent vaccine was introduced into Mozambique’s Expanded Program on Immunization in September 2015. In the present study, we report the diversity and prevalence of rotavirus genotypes, pre- (2012–2015) and post-vaccine (2016–2019) introduction in Mozambique, among diarrheic children less than five years of age. Genotyping data were analyzed for five sentinel sites for the periods indicated. The primary sentinel site, Mavalane General Hospital (HGM), was analyzed for the period 2012–2019, and for all five sites (country-wide analyses), 2015–2019. During the pre-vaccine period, G9P[8] was the most predominant genotype for both HGM (28.5%) and the country-wide analysis (46.0%). However, in the post-vaccine period, G9P[8] was significantly reduced. Instead, G3P[8] was the most common genotype at HGM, while G1P[8] predominated country-wide. Genotypes G9P[4] and G9P[6] were detected for the first time, and the emergence of G3P[8] and G3P[4] genotypes were observed during the post-vaccine period. The distribution and prevalence of rotavirus genotypes were distinct in pre- and post-vaccination periods, while uncommon genotypes were also detected in the post-vaccine period. These observations support the need for continued country-wide surveillance to monitor changes in strain diversity, due to possible vaccine pressure, and consequently, the effect on vaccine effectiveness.

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“…Based on the VP7-encoding genome segment, Moz308 clusters with the RotaTeq G2P [5] strain, but neither RotaTeq nor Rotarix contain a strain with a G9 or G12 genotype (Figure 1b). However, it is of note that different lineages exist within genotypes and that the VP4-encoding segment of Moz60a and the VP7-encoding segment of Moz308 belong to different lineages than the vaccine strains that they are grouping with in this analysis [36].…”

Section: Selection Of Human Rva Strains From Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 79%

“…VP8* is genetically diverse and contains four defined antigenic epitopes that are referred to as 8-1 to 8-4, while VP7 contains two epitopes that are referred to as 7-1 and 7-2, whereby the 7-1 epitope can be further divided into 7-1a and 7-1b [12,36,37]. A comparison of the amino acid residues that form the VP8* antigenic epitopes showed that GR10924/99 (G9P [6]) and Moz308 (G2P [4]) differed significantly from the vaccine strains present in Rotarix and RotaTeq (Figure 2a).…”

Section: Sequence Analysis Of Surface-exposed Antigenic Regions Of Humentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Simian Rotavirus Reassortants with VP4- and VP7-Encoding Genome Segments from Human Strains Circulating in Africa Using Reverse Genetics

Falkenhagen

Patzina-Mehling

Gadicherla

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Human rotavirus A (RVA) causes acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. The broad use of two vaccines, which are based on RVA strains from Europe and North America, significantly reduced rotavirus disease burden worldwide. However, a lower vaccine effectiveness is recorded in some regions of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa, where diverse RVA strains are circulating. Here, a plasmid-based reverse genetics system was used to generate simian RVA reassortants with VP4 and VP7 proteins derived from African human RVA strains not previously adapted to cell culture. We were able to rescue 1/3 VP4 mono-reassortants, 3/3 VP7 mono-reassortants, but no VP4/VP7 double reassortant. Electron microscopy showed typical triple-layered virus particles for the rescued reassortants. All reassortants stably replicated in MA-104 cells; however, the VP4 reassortant showed significantly slower growth compared to the simian RVA or the VP7 reassortants. The results indicate that, at least in cell culture, human VP7 has a high reassortment potential, while reassortment of human VP4 from unadapted human RVA strains with simian RVA seems to be limited. The characterized reassortants may be useful for future studies investigating replication and reassortment requirements of rotaviruses as well as for the development of next generation rotavirus vaccines.

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Rotavirus A strains obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis in Mozambique, 2012-2013: G and P genotypes and phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and partial VP4 genes

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus A Strains Pre- and Post-Vaccine (Rotarix®) Introduction in Mozambique, 2012–2019: Emergence of Genotypes G3P[4] and G3P[8]

Generation of Simian Rotavirus Reassortants with VP4- and VP7-Encoding Genome Segments from Human Strains Circulating in Africa Using Reverse Genetics

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