2017
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex195
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Microbiological quality assessment and validation of antimicrobials against unstressed or cold-stress adapted Salmonella and surrogate Enterococcus faecium on broiler carcasses and wings

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the microbiological quality and efficacy of antimicrobials to inactivate unstressed or cold-stress adapted Salmonella and Enterococcus on broiler carcasses and wings processed at a small USDA-inspected slaughter facility in West Virginia. The first part of the study included 42 carcasses that were pre- and secondarily-enriched in bacterial media followed by streak-plating onto XLT-4 and HardyCHROM™-agar Salmonella and confirmation using an API20E-kit. The aerobic plate counts (APC),… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…Enterococcus faecium has been previously studied and validated as a potential Salmonella surrogate in almonds (Jeong et al, 2011), a balanced carbohydrate-protein meal (Bianchini et al, 2014), and pet foods (Ceylan and Bautista, 2015) during thermal activation processing. Our recent study also confirmed that E. faecium could be a non-pathogenic surrogate of Salmonella for in-plant antimicrobial validation studies on broiler carcasses (Lemonakis et al, 2017). To evaluate the suitability of choosing surrogate microorganisms for foodborne pathogens when exposed to antimicrobials, the surrogate should behave equally well or better (resistant to interventions) compared to the target pathogen in challenge studies (Adler et al, 2016).…”
Section: Treatmentmentioning
confidence: 55%
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“…Enterococcus faecium has been previously studied and validated as a potential Salmonella surrogate in almonds (Jeong et al, 2011), a balanced carbohydrate-protein meal (Bianchini et al, 2014), and pet foods (Ceylan and Bautista, 2015) during thermal activation processing. Our recent study also confirmed that E. faecium could be a non-pathogenic surrogate of Salmonella for in-plant antimicrobial validation studies on broiler carcasses (Lemonakis et al, 2017). To evaluate the suitability of choosing surrogate microorganisms for foodborne pathogens when exposed to antimicrobials, the surrogate should behave equally well or better (resistant to interventions) compared to the target pathogen in challenge studies (Adler et al, 2016).…”
Section: Treatmentmentioning
confidence: 55%
“…Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Salmonella Tennessee ATCC 10722, L. monocytogenes strains L2624 and L2625 (cantaloupe outbreak serotype 1/2b, donated by Dr. Joshua Gurtler, USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA), and surrogate E. faecium ATCC 8459 were used in this study. Both Salmonella and L. monocytogenes strains were used in the previously reported farmers market produce safety projects (Li et al, 2017(Li et al, , 2018, and this strain of E. faecium has also been studied in WVU poultry meat projects (Lemonakis et al, 2017;Boltz et al, 2019). Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, and E. faecium retrieved from frozen stock cultures were streak-plated onto xylose lysine tergitol-4 agar (XLT-4, Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA, USA), Modified Oxford agar (MOX, Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA, USA), and BEA (Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA, USA), respectively, and then incubated at 35 • C for 48 h to generate single colonies.…”
Section: Preparation Of Inoculummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Carcasses were then treated by spray with 200 ml of the antimicrobial formulas including water, reuterin + lactic acid, reuterin + microcin J25, and peracetic acid. The procedure was repeated for a total of six carcasses per treatment (3 × 2 replicates; Lemonakis et al, 2017 ). The peracetic acid was a commercial product (CHINOOK, Sani-Marc Inc., Victoriaville, QC, Canada) prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is worth mentioning that the antimicrobial efficacy of APA is mainly expressed as the log reduction in bacterial numbers (Bloomfield 2002). This antimicrobial activity is usually evaluated using classical bacterial culture methods, followed by the enumeration of bacterial colonies and their identification with biochemical testing (Wideman et al 2016;Lemonakis et al 2017). Recently, high-throughput sequencing has become a method of particular interest as a novel tool to assess changes in bacterial communities after APA use during poultry processing (Kim et al 2017;Handley et al 2018).…”
Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Apamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…), representing the highest risk for public health among foods of animal origin. Human disease outbreaks attributed to poultry meat products costs about $2.4 billion annually in the United States (Lemonakis et al 2017). In Canada, it has been estimated that, in 2016, 10% to 37% of the nontyphoidal Salmonella infection cases in humans were attributed to the consumption of contaminated poultry and poultry products (Butler, Pintar, and Thomas 2016).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%