Chemical elements as fingerprints of geographical origin in cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. raised on the same SO4 rootstock

Abstract

The uptake of major and trace elements in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) can be influenced by soil, climate, geographic origin, and rootstock type. Rootstocks were mainly selected to resist phylloxera and for specific tolerance to lime, mineral uptake, drought, and salinity. The relationship among concentrations of major, trace, and rare earth elements was studied in soil and leaves from two Italian grapevine cultivars, "Cabernet Sauvignon" and "Corvina," employed to produce renowned controlled designation of origin (DOC) wines. The cultivars were raised on the same rootstock SO4 in two different areas of the Veneto Region (Northern Italy). The elements were studied by X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and data were elaborated by non-parametric tests and multivariate linear discrimination analysis. The related index of bioaccumulation was calculated to define the specific assimilation of the elements from soil to leaves. A statistically significant correspondence between soil and leaf samples was observed for Mg, Sm, V, and Zr. The results allowed to discriminate soil and leaf samples of the two cultivars according to geographical provenance, possibly providing geochemical markers (fingerprints) useful against fraudulent use of DOC wine labels.

From Soil to Grape and Wine: Geographical Variations in Elemental Profiles in Different Chinese Regions

“…In this study, the elemental concentrations of soil were in similar magnitude as those found by other researchers, with higher levels found in the soils of northern Italy and lower levels in Romania [ 18 , 26 ]. Zou et al [ 28 ] found that Sr had relatively higher levels among trace elements in soils from other seven regions in China, which was consist with our research.…”

“…In the field of food authentication, MS techniques have several advantages, such as high sensitivity, selectivity, throughput, and multi-analyte capabilities [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Therefore, numerous studies have been dedicated to the application of MS analysis in the provenance of wine [ 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Unlike the analysis of isotopes with IRMS, multielement analysis with ICP-MS is fast, inexpensive, and extensive.…”

“…Consequently, several countries have successfully identified geographical origins by elemental analysis, such as Italy [ 18 ], Greece [ 21 ], Japan [ 22 ], United States [ 23 ], South Africa [ 24 ], Australia [ 25 ], Romania [ 26 ], and Slovenia [ 27 ]. Furthermore, these studies cite the superiority of the ICP-MS technique for determining elements.…”

“…After years of cultivation experiments in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and other areas, this variety showed strong disease resistance, a stable quality; it is a medium variety when it comes to producing distinct and flavorful red wine [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Recent studies have revealed that the uptake of major and trace elements could be affected by rootstock types [ 18 , 36 , 37 ]. While Pisciotta et al [ 38 ] observed that different grafting combinations were not able to induce significant differences in the rare earth elements of Y, La, and lanthanides, their abundance in soils is scattered and need to be normalized.…”

Geochemical caper fingerprints as a tool for geographical origin identification

“…Since in organic material the inorganic component is more stable than the organic one, several studies examined trace elements, suggesting the potential application for determination of geographical origin (Almeida and Vasconcelos 2003;Thiel et al 2004;Fabiani et al 2010;Furia et al 2011;Zhao et al 2011;Aceto et al 2013;Versari et al 2014). Other authors focused on geochemical characterization of food products associated with a specific geographical environment for prevention of fraudulent labelling (Nikkarinen and Mertanen 2004;Censi et al 2014;Mercurio et al 2014;Protano and Rossi 2014;Pepi et al 2016Pepi et al , 2017aPii et al 2017).…”