New biomarker for acute ischaemic stroke: plasma glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB

Abstract

GPBB demonstrates robust response to acute ischaemia and high sensitivity for small infarcts. If confirmed in more diverse populations that also include stroke mimics, GPBB could find utility as a stand-alone marker for acute brain ischaemia.

Identifying patients with cerebral infarction within the time window compatible with reperfusion therapy, diagnostic performance of glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) and peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1): exploratory prospective multicentre study FLAG-1 protocol

“…The literature reports significant results for cerebral infarction diagnosis based on the detection of exosomal miRNAs, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB and retinol-binding protein 4. [29][30][31] During ischaemia, cell adhesion molecules are expressed at the endothelial surface to promote migration of leucocytes toward necrotic sites and initiate inflammation. We have already reported increased E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 during the acute phase of stroke.…”

Timely and Blood-Based Multiplex Molecular Profiling of Acute Stroke

“…To minimize misdiagnosis and confirm acute IS cases, several plasma-circulating proteins originating from different tissues (mainly from brain cells, blood, and endothelial and mesenchymal cells) have already been described as having the potential to differentiate IS from healthy controls or stroke mimics. Specifically, these include those and originating in brain cells: NR2 peptide [ 41 ], S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) [ 42 ], glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) [ 43 ], B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), autoantibodies anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors [ 44 ]; those derived from endothelial or mesenchymal cells: matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) [ 34 ], Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7), nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NDKA) [ 45 ]; those found in blood: apolipoprotein A1 unique peptide (APOA1-UP) [ 46 ] ( Table 1 ). However, due to the fact of insufficient biomarker performance and/or study limitations, no single protein biomarker has been included in routine clinical practice for acute IS diagnosis [ 30 , 47 ].…”

Evaluation of Glycogen Phosphorylase BB (GPBB) Level in Serum as Marker in Diagnosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke

“…The brain contains higher concentration of GPBB (approximately 50% higher) than the heart (6) . Brain glycogen constitutes 0.1% of the total brain weight and is consumed very rapidly (within 4 min) during cerebral ischaemia in order to meet the growing ATP need.…”

“…A blood marker that can be easily measured at the bedside and that has the sensitivity and specificity required for routine clinical use for stroke could enhance the ability of the clinician to optimally manage patients with stroke. Such a marker could be used to distinguish between AIS and stroke mimics at the acute care setting and identify patients who may benefit from expedited diagnostic evaluation and imaging (6) The present study aims to evaluate glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) in Serum.. GPBB an enzyme that catalyses the rate-limiting reaction in the degradation of glycogen to yield glucose-1-phosphate in response to ischaemia, as a potential candidate marker for AIS. Tissue ischaemia results in activation of membrane-bound phosphorylase-b isoform into active and soluble phosphorylase-a isoform (5) .…”

“…Brain glycogen constitutes 0.1% of the total brain weight and is consumed very rapidly (within 4 min) during cerebral ischaemia in order to meet the growing ATP need. GPBB is primarily localised in the end feet of fibrous astrocytes on capillaries and arterioles, making it easily amenable to leak into the circulation in an event of damage to the blood-brain barrier (6) . In the present study, we sought to determine whether GPBB levels increased in the serum of patients with imaging-confirmed AIS.…”