Antibody Immunity Induced by H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccines: Evaluation Criteria, Affecting Factors, and Implications for Rational Vaccine Design

Hu, Zenglei; Jiao, Xinan; Liu, Xiufan

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01898

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…H7N9 has caused huge economic and social losses due to its severity. Because of its pandemic potential, candidate vaccine seeds were produced in 2013 [16]. The H7N9 vaccines for poultry use have been formulated to prevent H7N9 viruses circulating in poultry at that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Protective Effects of the A/ZJU01/ PR8/2013 Split H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccine Against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 in BALB/c Mice

Deng

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Since the first case of novel H7N9 infection was reported, China has experienced five epidemics of H7N9. During the fifth wave, a highly pathogenic H7N9 strain emerged. In order to assess whether the H7N9 vaccine based on A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9) was effective in protecting against highly pathogenic H7N9, we conducted this study. Methods: Groups of mice were immunized twice by intraperitoneal injection with 500 µl of either split vaccine alone or MF59-adjuvanted vaccine. Serum was collected 2 weeks after the second vaccine booster. The hemagglutinin inhibition test was conducted on vaccine seed and highly pathogenic H7N9 to evaluate the neutralization of highly pathogenic H7N9. We also immunized mice and challenged them with highly pathogenic H7N9. Mice were observed for illness, weight loss, and death at 1 week and 2 weeks post-infection. Then, the mice were sacrificed and lungs were removed. Antibody responses were assessed and pathological changes in the lung tissue were evaluated. Results: The ability of serum to neutralize highly pathogenic H7N9 was reduced. In mice, highly pathogenic H7N9 was more virulent than A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9). After challenge with highly pathogenic H7N9, all mice died while mice challenged with A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9) all recovered. The A/ZJU01/PR8/2013 split H7N9 avian influenza vaccine was able to protect against infection with highly pathogenic H7N9 in mice, with or without MF59. Moreover, H7N9 vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 produced high antibody levels, which lead to better protection. Conclusions: The A/ZJU01/PR8/2013 split H7N9 avian influenza vaccine based on A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9) is effective in protecting against highly pathogenic H7N9. H7N9 vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 offers better protection against infection with highly pathogenic H7N9. In order to make the H7N9 vaccine applicable to humans, further clinical trials are required to evaluate MF59 adjuvanted vaccine. Meanwhile, the vaccine strain should be updated based on the highly pathogenic H7N9 gene sequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diverse H7N9 vaccine candidates were generated and positive results were obtained from animal trials. However, only a few have been investigated in clinical trials in human volunteers [16]. Some H7N9 vaccines composed of viral-like particles, subunits, and split-virions have been evaluated in adults [28-33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effects of the A/ZJU01/ PR8/2013 Split H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccine Against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 in BALB/c Mice

Deng

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…In response to the threat of H7N9 influenza, different types of vaccine candidates have been generated, including whole-virus inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines and live attenuated vaccines (6,7). However, some studies have consistently shown that antibody immunity induced by H7N9 vaccines is qualitatively different from that observed for other influenza subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1), which is characterized by low hemagglutination inhibition (HI) or virus neutralization antibody (nAb) but high levels of specific IgG antibody (8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemagglutinin-Specific Non-neutralizing Antibody Is Essential for Protection Provided by Inactivated and Viral-Vectored H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccines in Chickens

Zhao

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…On the other hand, IIV are administered intramuscularly, leading to suboptimal induction of immune responses in the mucosa [ 45 , 176 ]. (ii) The intrinsic immunogenicity of the vaccine components, mainly the HA protein, can be responsible for the differences observed in the efficacy of seasonal IIV and/or LAIV [ 177 ]. (iii) The emergence of viral strain variants, distinct from the selected vaccine strain, during a given influenza season can result in significant loss of vaccine effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Sensitive Mutations in Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Responsible for the Attenuation of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine

Martínez-Sobrido

Peersen

Nogales

2018

Viruses

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Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) have prevented morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viral infections for many years and represent the best therapeutic option to protect against influenza viral infections in humans. However, the development of LAIV has traditionally relied on empirical methods, such as the adaptation of viruses to replicate at low temperatures. These approaches require an extensive investment of time and resources before identifying potential vaccine candidates that can be safely implemented as LAIV to protect humans. In addition, the mechanism of attenuation of these vaccines is poorly understood in some cases. Importantly, LAIV are more efficacious than inactivated vaccines because their ability to mount efficient innate and adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the design of potential LAIV based on known properties of viral proteins appears to be a highly appropriate option for the treatment of influenza viral infections. For that, the viral RNA synthesis machinery has been a research focus to identify key amino acid substitutions that can lead to viral attenuation and their use in safe, immunogenic, and protective LAIV. In this review, we discuss the potential to manipulate the influenza viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex to generate attenuated forms of the virus that can be used as LAIV for the treatment of influenza viral infections, one of the current and most effective prophylactic options for the control of influenza in humans.

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Antibody Immunity Induced by H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccines: Evaluation Criteria, Affecting Factors, and Implications for Rational Vaccine Design

Cited by 13 publications

References 59 publications

The Protective Effects of the A/ZJU01/ PR8/2013 Split H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccine Against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 in BALB/c Mice

The Protective Effects of the A/ZJU01/ PR8/2013 Split H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccine Against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 in BALB/c Mice

Hemagglutinin-Specific Non-neutralizing Antibody Is Essential for Protection Provided by Inactivated and Viral-Vectored H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccines in Chickens

Temperature Sensitive Mutations in Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Responsible for the Attenuation of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine

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