Study Protocol for the Preschooler Regulation of Emotional Stress (PRES) Procedure

Provenzi, Livio; Cassiano, Rafaela Guilherme Monte; Minico, Giunia Scotto di; Linhares, Maria Beatriz Martins; Montirosso, Rosario

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01653

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Mothers were re‐contacted by phone calls when their child was approaching 4.5 years of age, and a laboratory session was scheduled according to parents' preferences. At the laboratory, both preterm and full‐term children took part in the PRES procedure, an observational paradigm designed to assess preschool children's emotional regulation in response to four age‐appropriate stress‐inducing sequential episodes (Table ). Each episode has a three‐phase structure: baseline, reactivity and recovery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we followed‐up preterm infants from birth to 4.5 years and we assessed their emotional regulation during an observational laboratory procedure (Preschooler Regulation of Emotional Stress; PRES), in comparison to full‐term age‐matched controls. Based on previous research, we hypothesised that increased methylation related to early pain exposure would result in altered emotional regulation profile in preterm children compared with full‐term counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain‐related increase in serotonin transporter gene methylation associates with emotional regulation in 4.5‐year‐old preterm‐born children

et al. 2019

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Aim. The main goal of this study was to assess the association between pain-related increase in serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation and emotional dysregulation in 4.5-year-old preterm children compared to full-term matched counterparts.Methods. Preterm (n=29) and full-term (n=26) children recruited from two Italian hospitals were followed-up from October 2011 to December 2017. SLC6A4 methylation was assessed from cord blood at birth from both groups and peripheral blood at discharge for preterm ones. At 4.5 years, emotional regulation (i.e., anger, fear, sadness) was assessed through an observational standardized procedure.Results. Preterm children (18 females; mean age = 4.5, range = 4.3 -4.8) showed greater anger display compared to full-term controls (14 females; mean age = 4.5, range = 4.4 -4.9) in response to emotional stress. Controlling for adverse life events occurrence from discharge to 4.5 years and SLC6A4 methylation at birth, CpG-specific SLC6A4 methylation in the neonatal period was predictive of greater anger display in preterm children but not in full-term ones.Conclusion. These findings contribute to highlight how epigenetic regulation of serotonin transporter gene in response to NICU pain exposure contributes to long-lasting programming of anger regulation in preterm children. KEY POINTS• Early exposure to adverse events may contribute to the behavioural phenotype of preterm infants via epigenetic mechanisms.• Pain-related increase in serotonin transporter gene methylation associated with increased anger response to emotional stress at 4.5 years of age in preterm children.• These findings highlight the importance of limiting early pain exposure in preterm infants to reduce the risk of later emotional dysregulation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain‐related increase in serotonin transporter gene methylation associates with emotional regulation in 4.5‐year‐old preterm‐born children

et al. 2019

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“…The Lab-TAB manuals provide a detailed guide to code children’s reactions in each episode, but researchers are encouraged to develop their temperament composite indexes, depending on the purposes of their research projects [ 48 ]. Despite its potential, this practice has resulted in the proliferation of observational measures that are only partially comparable [ 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Inhibition in Childhood: European Portuguese Adaptation of an Observational Measure (Lab-TAB)

et al. 2021

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The assessment of behaviorally inhibited children is typically based on parent or teacher reports, but this approach has received criticisms, mainly for being prone to bias. Several researchers proposed the additional use of observational methods because they provide a direct and more objective description of the child's functioning in different contexts. The lack of a laboratory assessment of temperament for Portuguese children justifies the adaptation of some episodes of the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB) as an observational measure for behavioral inhibition. Method: In our study, we included 124 children aged between 3 and 9 years and their parents. The evaluation of child behavioral inhibition was made by parent report (Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire) and through Lab-TAB episodes. Parental variables with potential influence on parents’ reports were also collected using the Social Interaction and Performance Anxiety and Avoidance Scale (SIPAAS) and the Parental Overprotection Measure (POM). Results and Discussion: The psychometric analyses provided evidence that Lab-TAB is a reliable instrument and can be incorporated in a multi-method approach to assess behavioral inhibition in studies involving Portuguese-speaking children. Moderate convergence between observational and parent report measures of behavioral inhibition was obtained. Mothers’ characteristics, as well as child age, seem to significantly affect differences between measures, being potential sources of bias in the assessment of child temperament.

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“…The LAB-TAB Preschool Version [ 51 ] is a battery for the assessment of temperament dimensions and consists of 33 episodes evaluating Fear, Distress, Exuberance, Interest/Persistence, Activity Level, Inhibitory Control, and Contentment in children aged 3–6 years. In this study, children were assessed by an adapted version of LAB-TAB for the Italian cultural context, as used in previous studies [ 84 , 85 ]. In order to adequately respond to the aims of the study, we contacted the author of LAB-TAB (Goldsmith) to employ his supervision in the choice and implementation of LAB-TAB.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Italian Version of the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ) for Preschool Children

Agostini

Benassi

Minelli

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is a temperamental trait characterized by fear and wariness in reaction to new and unfamiliar stimuli, both social and non-social. BI has been recognized as possible forerunner of anxiety disorders, especially social anxiety and phobia; therefore, its assessment is clinically relevant. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Italian adaptation of the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ), which measures BI in preschool children. The BIQ was completed by 417 Italian parents (230 mothers, 187 fathers) of 270 preschoolers aged 3–5. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good internal validity: the factorial structure was corresponding to the original six-factor version. Results showed excellent internal consistency, significant item-total correlations, good inter-rater reliability, convergent validity (by correlating the BIQ with the Italian Questionnaires of Temperament-QUIT, the Anxiety-Shy Conner’s Scale and the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery) and discriminant validity (i.e., no correlation with Conners’ ADHD scale). Significant correlations emerged between BI indexes and total BIQ scores of parents and maternal (but not paternal) versions of the questionnaire. Altogether, the results are promising and consistent with previous validation studies, suggesting the BIQ as a reliable and valid measure for evaluating parents’ perception of BI in Italian preschoolers.

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Study Protocol for the Preschooler Regulation of Emotional Stress (PRES) Procedure

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

Pain‐related increase in serotonin transporter gene methylation associates with emotional regulation in 4.5‐year‐old preterm‐born children

Pain‐related increase in serotonin transporter gene methylation associates with emotional regulation in 4.5‐year‐old preterm‐born children

Behavioral Inhibition in Childhood: European Portuguese Adaptation of an Observational Measure (Lab-TAB)

Validation of the Italian Version of the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ) for Preschool Children

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