“…Collectively, these findings underscore the important role mothers play in explaining their children's food intake, which is in line with a host of studies showing mother-child similarities in food intake [16]. Specifically, our study highlights that mother-child similarities in food intake remain when youth reach adolescence, and that similarities are found for the intake of both healthy [17,29] and unhealthy food [17,18,27]. However, contrary to our expectations, no main associations with best friends' unhealthy and healthy food intake were found in the current study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…The items measuring sweet and savory snack intake have been selected from a validated Dutch FFQ measuring fat intake [37]. In line with previous studies [18,36], all items assessing the intake of sweet snacks were included. However, some modifications were made with regard to the items assessing savory snack intake [37].…”
Section: Food Intakementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The important role of mothers has been supported by a host of studies revealing mother-child similarities in food intake (see for a review and meta-analysis) [16]. These similarities have also been reported in adolescence [17,18]. However, as youth become more independent of their parents during adolescence, other sources of socialization could become more important during this developmental period.…”
Both mothers’ and best friends’ food intake are associated with adolescents’ food intake, but they are rarely investigated simultaneously. In this study, we tested the associations of mothers’ and best friends’ food intake with adolescents’ intake of unhealthy and healthy food, obtained from home and from outside the home, and the moderating role of adolescents’ exposure to their food intake. Participants included 667 adolescents (53% female, Mage = 12.9) and 396 of their mothers. Within this adolescent sample, 378 best friend dyads were identified. All participants completed food frequency questionnaires. Mothers separately reported on their food intake in the presence and absence of their child, and adolescents indicated how often they ate and drank together with their best friend during school breaks. Mothers’, but not best friends’, food intake was positively related to adolescents’ intake of unhealthy and healthy food obtained from home and healthy food obtained from outside the home. Exposure to mothers’ healthy food intake magnified mother-child similarities in healthy food intake. Exposure to best friends’ intake of unhealthy food moderated adolescent-friend similarities in unhealthy food intake. Future work should assess the mechanisms that underlie these similarities, and should investigate these associations over time and in later developmental periods.
“…Collectively, these findings underscore the important role mothers play in explaining their children's food intake, which is in line with a host of studies showing mother-child similarities in food intake [16]. Specifically, our study highlights that mother-child similarities in food intake remain when youth reach adolescence, and that similarities are found for the intake of both healthy [17,29] and unhealthy food [17,18,27]. However, contrary to our expectations, no main associations with best friends' unhealthy and healthy food intake were found in the current study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…The items measuring sweet and savory snack intake have been selected from a validated Dutch FFQ measuring fat intake [37]. In line with previous studies [18,36], all items assessing the intake of sweet snacks were included. However, some modifications were made with regard to the items assessing savory snack intake [37].…”
Section: Food Intakementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The important role of mothers has been supported by a host of studies revealing mother-child similarities in food intake (see for a review and meta-analysis) [16]. These similarities have also been reported in adolescence [17,18]. However, as youth become more independent of their parents during adolescence, other sources of socialization could become more important during this developmental period.…”
Both mothers’ and best friends’ food intake are associated with adolescents’ food intake, but they are rarely investigated simultaneously. In this study, we tested the associations of mothers’ and best friends’ food intake with adolescents’ intake of unhealthy and healthy food, obtained from home and from outside the home, and the moderating role of adolescents’ exposure to their food intake. Participants included 667 adolescents (53% female, Mage = 12.9) and 396 of their mothers. Within this adolescent sample, 378 best friend dyads were identified. All participants completed food frequency questionnaires. Mothers separately reported on their food intake in the presence and absence of their child, and adolescents indicated how often they ate and drank together with their best friend during school breaks. Mothers’, but not best friends’, food intake was positively related to adolescents’ intake of unhealthy and healthy food obtained from home and healthy food obtained from outside the home. Exposure to mothers’ healthy food intake magnified mother-child similarities in healthy food intake. Exposure to best friends’ intake of unhealthy food moderated adolescent-friend similarities in unhealthy food intake. Future work should assess the mechanisms that underlie these similarities, and should investigate these associations over time and in later developmental periods.
“…The PSS is a self-report questionnaire, and is a global measure of stress that is easy to use. Many studies confirm its reliability and validity in a diversity of settings and in multiple languages [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. The scale measures a person’s evaluation of stressful situations in the previous month of his or her life.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…This FFQ has shown the expected associations with demographic variables in a previous adolescent population [ 78 ]. In line with previous studies [ 75 , 78 , 79 ], all items assessing the intake of sweet snacks were included. However, as a decade has passed, insights on the beneficial effects of certain foods have changed and we therefore made some modifications to the items used to assess savory snacks.…”
Parental stress may influence adolescents’ food intake and weight development over time, however, it is largely unknown why this is the case. This study examines whether the link between parental stress and adolescents’ snack intake and weight outcome is mediated by food parenting practices (FPPs). Participants included 400 parents and their adolescent children (aged 12–16) who completed questionnaires. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess parental general stress levels and the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) to assess FPPs. Multiple mediation analyses with parallel mediators were performed, with parental general stress as an independent variable and adolescent snack intake and zBMI as dependent variables. FPPs (autonomy support, coercive control, modeling, healthy structure, snack structure) were entered as mediators in the model, adjusted for covariates. Autonomy support mediated the link between parental general stress and adolescent savory snack and sweet snack intake at follow-up. Parents who reported higher stress levels provided less autonomy support, which resulted in more adolescent snacking. None of the other FPPs mediated any link between parental stress and intake or weight outcome, and no significant indirect effects were observed with zBMI as an outcome variable. Further research should replicate this finding and may further examine underlying mechanisms.
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