Independent Effects of Neighborhood Poverty and Psychosocial Stress on Obesity Over Time

Kwarteng, Jamila L.; Schulz, Amy J.; Mentz, Graciela; Israel, Barbara A.; Perkins, Denise White

doi:10.1007/s11524-017-0193-7

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…A flowchart of the selection process is presented in figure 1. From the 12 757 identified studies, after screening for relevant titles, abstracts and full manuscripts, 66 articles that fitted the eligibility criteria were selected 30–95. Summary characteristics are shown in table 2 and complete characteristics of the studies are shown in online supplementary file 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs

et al. 2020

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Context and objectivesNeighbourhood effect research on obesity took off in the early 2000s and was composed of mostly cross-sectional observational studies interested in various characteristics of the built environment and the socioeconomic environment. To limit biases related to self-selection and life course exposures, many researchers apply longitudinal designs in their studies. Until now, no review has specifically and exclusively examined longitudinal studies and the specific designs of these studies. In this review, we intend to answer the following research question: how are the temporal measurements of contextual exposure and obesity outcomes integrated into longitudinal studies that explore how neighbourhood-level built and socioeconomic environments impact adult obesity?DesignA systematic search strategy was designed to address the research question. The search was performed in Embase, Web of Science and PubMed, targeting scientific papers published before 1 January 2018. The eligible studies reported results on adults, included exposure that was limited to neighbourhood characteristics at the submunicipal level, included an outcome limited to obesity proxies, and reported a design with at least two exposure measurements or two outcome measurements.ResultsThis scoping review identified 66 studies that fit the eligibility criteria. A wide variety of neighbourhood characteristics were also measured, making it difficult to draw general conclusions about associations between neighbourhood exposure and obesity. We applied a typology that classified studies by whether exposure and outcome were measured as varying or fixed. Using this typology, we found that 32 studies reported both neighbourhood exposure and obesity outcomes that were varying in time; 28 reported varying outcomes but fixed exposures; and 6 had fixed outcomes and varying exposures.ConclusionOur typology illustrates the variety of longitudinal designs that were used in the selected studies. In the light of our results, we make recommendations on how to better report longitudinal designs and facilitate comparisons between studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs

et al. 2020

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“…Poverty is a key neighborhood characteristic that has recently received increased attention in efforts to establish the relationship between neighborhood and obesity [ 24 , 34 – 36 ]. Neighborhood poverty may impact obesity via two potential pathways [ 37 ]. The first and most commonly recognized pathway is via unhealthy neighborhood conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of change in neighborhood poverty on BMI trajectory of 37,544 New York City youth: a longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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Background Neighborhood poverty may increase childhood obesity risk. However, evidence for the neighborhood poverty-obesity relationship is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine how moving to a higher or lower poverty neighborhood impacts body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories among youth, with the goal of informing policy change, interventions, and clinical practices to reduce childhood obesity. Methods Methods entailed secondary analysis of existing longitudinal data. The sample included youth attending New York City public schools in grades kindergarten through twelfth from school years 2006/2007 through 2016/2017. Eligibility criteria included moving to a higher or lower poverty neighborhood during the data midpoint [school years 2010/2011 through 2013/2014] of the 12-year data-period; New York City-specific metrics were used to define both neighborhood (Neighborhood Tabulation Area) and relevant neighborhood poverty levels (< 5, 5 to < 10%, 10 to < 20%, 20 to < 30%, 30 to < 40% and ≥ 40% of individuals below Federal Poverty Level). Two-piece latent growth curve models were used to describe BMI z-score trajectories of youth who moved to higher versus lower poverty neighborhoods, with propensity score weighting to account for preexisting differences between the two groups. Primary analyses were stratified by sex and exploratory subgroup analyses were stratified by sex and developmental stage (early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence) to explore sensitive periods for neighborhood poverty exposure. Results Of 532,513 youth with home address data, 18,370 youth moved to a higher poverty neighborhood and 19,174 moved to a lower poverty neighborhood (n = 37,544). Females and males who moved to a higher poverty neighborhood experienced less favorable BMI z-score trajectories for obesity risk, though effects were small. Exploratory subgroup analyses demonstrated that negative effects of neighborhood poverty were most pronounced among young and adolescent females and young males, whereas effects were mixed for other subgroups. Conclusions Youth who moved to higher poverty neighborhoods experienced less favorable BMI z-score trajectories for obesity risk, though effects were small and most consistent for females and younger youth. Additional research is needed to illuminate neighborhood poverty’s impact on obesity, in order to inform policy, intervention, clinical, and research efforts to reduce obesity and improve child well-being.

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“…Retrieved 2019-06-01 ). Obesity and PS often inhabit the same individual, owing to the Western society lifestyle [5,6]. Yet, very often, they are modeled separately, precluding a full grasp of their potentially adverse synergy on organ or system function, as well as of a deeper understanding of the disease mechanisms triggered by these concomitant stressors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese mice exposed to psychosocial stress display cardiac and hippocampal dysfunction associated with local brain-derived neurotrophic factor depletion

et al. 2019

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IntroductionObesity and psychosocial stress (PS) co-exist in individuals of Western society. Nevertheless, how PS impacts cardiac and hippocampal phenotype in obese subjects is still unknown. Nor is it clear whether changes in local brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) account, at least in part, for myocardial and behavioral abnormalities in obese experiencing PS.MethodsIn adult male WT mice, obesity was induced via a high-fat diet (HFD). The resident-intruder paradigm was superimposed to trigger PS. In vivo left ventricular (LV) performance was evaluated by echocardiography and pressure-volume loops. Behaviour was indagated by elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y-maze. LV myocardium was assayed for apoptosis, fibrosis, vessel density and oxidative stress. Hippocampus was analyzed for volume, neurogenesis, GABAergic markers and astrogliosis. Cardiac and hippocampal BDNF and TrkB levels were measured by ELISA and WB. We investigated the pathogenetic role played by BDNF signaling in additional cardiac-selective TrkB (cTrkB) KO mice.FindingsWhen combined, obesity and PS jeopardized LV performance, causing prominent apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress and remodeling of the larger coronary branches, along with lower BDNF and TrkB levels. HFD/PS weakened LV function similarly in WT and cTrkB KO mice. The latter exhibited elevated LV ROS emission already at baseline. Obesity/PS augmented anxiety-like behaviour and impaired spatial memory. These changes were coupled to reduced hippocampal volume, neurogenesis, local BDNF and TrkB content and augmented astrogliosis.InterpretationPS and obesity synergistically deteriorate myocardial structure and function by depleting cardiac BDNF/TrkB content, leading to augmented oxidative stress. This comorbidity triggers behavioral deficits and induces hippocampal remodeling, potentially via lower BDNF and TrkB levels.FundJ.A. was in part supported by Rotary Foundation Global Study Scholarship. G.K. was supported by T32 National Institute of Health (NIH) training grant under award number 1T32AG058527. S.C. was funded by (19CDA34760185). G.A.R.C. was funded by (K01HL133368-01). APB was funded by a Grant from the entitled: “Heart failure as the Alzheimer disease of the heart; therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities”. M.C. was supported by PRONAT project (). N.P. was funded by (R01 HL136918) and by the . V.L. was in part supported by institutional funds from , by the , by a research grant from and in part by ETHERNA project (Prog. n. 161/16, Fondazione Pisa, Italy). Funding source had no such involvement in study design, in the collection, analysis, interpretation of data, in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

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Independent Effects of Neighborhood Poverty and Psychosocial Stress on Obesity Over Time

Cited by 34 publications

References 63 publications

Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs

Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs

The impact of change in neighborhood poverty on BMI trajectory of 37,544 New York City youth: a longitudinal study

Obese mice exposed to psychosocial stress display cardiac and hippocampal dysfunction associated with local brain-derived neurotrophic factor depletion

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