High Specific Power Dual-Metal-Ion Rechargeable Microbatteries Based on LiMn₂O₄ and Zinc for Miniaturized Applications

Abstract

Miniaturized rechargeable batteries with high specific power are required for substitution of the large sized primary batteries currently prevalent in integrated systems since important implications in dimensions and power are expected in future miniaturized applications. Commercially available secondary microbatteries are based on lithium metal which suffers from several well-known safety and manufacturing issues and low specific power when compared to (super) capacitors. A high specific power and novel dual-metal-ion microbattery based on LiMnO, zinc, and an aqueous electrolyte is presented in this work. Specific power densities similar to the ones exhibited by typical electrochemical supercapacitors (3400 W kg) while maintaining specific energies in the range of typical Li-ion batteries are measured (∼100 Wh kg). Excellent stability with very limited degradation (99.94% capacity retention per cycle) after 300 cycles is also presented. All of these features, together with the intrinsically safe nature of the technology, allow anticipation of this alternative micro power source to have high impact, particularly in the high demand field of newly miniaturized applications.

Electrochemical Methods for Lithium Recovery: A Comprehensive and Critical Review

“…a) Adapted with permission. [ 88 ] Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. b) Adapted with permission.…”

“…Recently LiMn 2 O 4 has also been used as a cathode electrode in aqueous rechargeable Li‐ion batteries, [ 88–97 ] and in hybrid dual metal ion rechargeable batteries that face the same issues as in Li recovery technologies such as coinsertion of ions and blocking of adsorption sites. [ 88,98–103 ] These problems were already anticipated in the pioneering articles of Kanoh et al [ 41,42 ] where the electrochemical performance of LiMn 2 O 4 in aqueous media and its application for the recovery of Li + from geothermal water was analyzed. They used a three electrodes cell with λ‐MnO 2 as Li + selective electrode, calomel, and Pt‐wire were employed as reference and counter electrodes, respectively.…”

The First Flexible Dual‐Ion Microbattery Demonstrates Superior Capacity and Ultrahigh Energy Density: Small and Powerful

“…[18] Up to now, there are many types of microbatteries have been reported, like Li-ion microbattery, [5] Zn-ion microbattery [19] and so on, are one of the most common types of microbatteries. The various novel strategy micromatteries have become an important research fields, like dual-metal-ion battery, [20] but the miniaturization of dual-ion batteries has not been developed yet. Moreover, DIBs also help reduce overall costs and potential environmental pollution, [21] and has a longer cycle life and energy efficiency.…”

A Self‐Supported λ‐MnO2 Film Electrode used for Electrochemical Lithium Recovery from Brines

“…To load LISs onto electrodes, many kinds of binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been used in these studies. However, both lithium capacity and regeneration performance become worse because of the poor ion permeability of these organic binders …”

“…However, both lithium capacity and regenerationp erformance becomew orse because of the poor ion permeability of these organic binders. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Herein, we fabricated as elf-supported l-MnO 2 electrode withoutusing any binderso rc onductive additives. The l-MnO 2 electrode was fabricated throughc athodic deposition, hydrothermall ithiation,a nd ap otentiostatic transformation process.…”