Intestinal microbiota in infants at high risk for allergy: Effects of prebiotics and role in eczema development

Wopereis, Harm; Sim, Kathleen; Shaw, Alexander; Warner, John O.; Knol, Jan; Kroll, J. Simon

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.054

Cited by 131 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The gradual increase of the butyrate levels and the emergence of the butyrogenic community in the gut could be important for gut maturation, as aberrant microbial composition and/or SCFA production is associated with colicky symptoms and atopy diseases in infants (Arrieta et al 2015, de Weerth et al 2013, Stokholm et al 2018, Wopereis et al 2017. …”

Section: Microbial Network Leading To Butyrate Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetate and lactate as well as a small amount of propionate and butyrate can be detected in the faeces of infants (Fig. 4) (Pham et al 2016, Wopereis et al 2017. In adulthood, lactate is often converted to butyrate by the lactate-utilising butyrate-producing bacteria (LUB) resulting in a faecal SCFA composition ratio of 3:1:1 for acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively (Schwiertz et al 2010.…”

Section: Comparative Genomics Reveal Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colonisation by the strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing bacteria could be a critical step for the gut and immune maturation (Arrieta et al 2015, Wopereis et al 2017. The interactions between lactate-producing bacteria (such as bifidobacteria) and lactateutilising bacteria (such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae) are suggested to be associated with colicky symptoms and atopic disease in infants (Arrieta et al 2015, de Weerth et al 2013, Wopereis et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interactions between lactate-producing bacteria (such as bifidobacteria) and lactateutilising bacteria (such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae) are suggested to be associated with colicky symptoms and atopic disease in infants (Arrieta et al 2015, de Weerth et al 2013, Wopereis et al 2017. To date, cross-feeding between glycan-degrading bifidobacteria and butyrate-producers using complex dietary carbohydrates (including starch, inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, and arabinoxylan oligosaccharides) has been demonstrated in in vitro co-culturing experiments (Belenguer et al 2006, De Vuyst and Leroy 2011, Falony et al 2006, RiosCovian et al 2015, Riviere et al 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-feeding interactions of gut symbionts driven by human milk oligosaccharidesand mucins

Chia¹

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Chapter 4Microbial metabolic networks at the mucus layer lead to dietindependent butyrate and vitamin B12 production by intestinal symbionts 71 Chapter 5Deciphering trophic interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and the butyrogenic gut commensal Anaerostipes caccae using a metatranscriptomic approach 97 Chapter 6General discussion 123 Chapter 7 Thesis summary & Nederlandse samenvatting 143 Appendices References 153Co-author affiliations 179Acknowledgements 183About the author 184List of publications 185 VLAG training activities 186Chapter 1 General introduction and thesis outlineChapter 1 2 General introductionHumans can be considered holobionts, consisting of cells from the host and an even larger number of microorganisms (Postler and Ghosh 2017). The majority of microbes are residing in the gut (Sender et al 2016). The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes and viruses (Clemente et al 2012). Over 2000 species-level phylotypes (prokaryotes including bacteria and archaea) have been detected for the gut microbiota, with each individual estimated to host at least 160 species (Qin et al 2010, Zoetendal et al 2008. The gut microbiota may impact the well-being of human and susceptibility for diseases by interacting with our metabolic, immune and neurological system (Honda and Littman 2016, Koh et al 2016, Rogers et al 2016. Furthermore, the gut microbiota contributes to a variety of metabolic functions and can be seen as an essential part of our digestive system (El Kaoutari et al 2013). Bacterial symbionts allow the human hosts to utilise inaccessible nutrients by converting complex substrates to short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and vitamins (Fisher et al 2017). Bacterial-derived SCFAs are estimated to contribute about 10% of our daily caloric requirement (Bergman 1990). While all SCFAs are vital for maintaining gut homeostasis, butyrate is of particular interest because it has been attributed to a range of health-promoting functions. Butyrate is the primary energy source for colonic epithelial cells and is associated with the enhancement of colonic barrier function, increase of satiety, pain relief, anti-inflammatory responses, and protection against colorectal cancer (Banasiewicz et al 2013, Bolognini et al 2016, Donohoe et al 2011, Furusawa et al 2013, Goncalves and Martel 2013.Considering the physiological benefits of butyrate to human health, this thesis investigates the microbial interaction of gut symbionts that support butyrate production driven primarily by the host produced glycans in human milk and mucus. Glycans are compounds consisting of an array of glycosidically linked monosaccharides (monosaccharides and disaccharides are collectively termed sugars) such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) and mucins (Varki and Kornfeld 2017). HMOS present in mother milk are the major compositional and functional driver of the infant gut microbiota (Backhed et al 2015). Mucin glycans covering the intestinal lining create a stable niche for bacterial coloni...

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Section: Microbial Network Leading To Butyrate Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Genomics Reveal Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-feeding interactions of gut symbionts driven by human milk oligosaccharidesand mucins

Chia¹

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“…38 Moreover, genetic sequence studies have demonstrated the role of prebiotics (especially oligosaccharides) in modifying the intestinal microbiota similarly to what happens in breast-fed infants. 39 However, there is increasing interest in the possible use of fermented matrix as a supplement for formula milk. The available results are encouraging, especially considering the benefits of this type of administration, which avoids exposure of the newborn to living microorganisms such as probiotics.…”

Section: Possible Interventions To Modify Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional nutrients in infants born by vaginal delivery or Cesarean section

et al. 2017

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The development of a proper neonatal microbiota is of great importance, especially for the effects that dysbiosis has in acute and chronic diseases' onset.The microbiota, particularly the intestinal one, plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of the host, preventing colonization by pathogenic bacteria and significantly influencing the development and maturation of a normal gastrointestinal mucosal immunity.Several factors may interfere with the physiological development of microbiota, such as diseases during pregnancy, type of delivery, maternal nutrition, type of neonatal feeding, use of antibiotics, exposition to hospital environment (e.g., neonatal intensive care unit) and genetic factors.Thanks to a proper maternal and neonatal supplementation with specific functional nutrients, it is now possible to correct dysbiosis, thus reducing the risks for the newborn's health.In this review of the literature, we give an overview of the studies highlighting the composition of the maternal, fetal and neonatal microbiota, the factors potentially responsible for dysbiosis and the use of functional nutrients to prevent diseases' onset.

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