Determining the Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the United States: The Impact of Increased Molecular Testing

Midgley, Claire M; Haynes, Amber; Baumgardner, Jason; Chommanard, Christina; Demas, Sara W; Prill, Mila M.; Abedi, Glen R.; Curns, Aaron T.; Watson, John T.; Gerber, Susan I.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jix275

Cited by 80 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…virus, human coronavirus, and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clearly show peak incidences in the winter months (leading to them sometimes being called winter viruses) (14,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Conversely, adenovirus, human bocavirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and rhinovirus can be detected throughout the year (all-year viruses) (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Seasonality Of Respiratory Viruses In the Human Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections

2020

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The seasonal cycle of respiratory viral diseases has been widely recognized for thousands of years, as annual epidemics of the common cold and influenza disease hit the human population like clockwork in the winter season in temperate regions. Moreover, epidemics caused by viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 occur during the winter months. The mechanisms underlying the seasonal nature of respiratory viral infections have been examined and debated for many years. The two major contributing factors are the changes in environmental parameters and human behavior. Studies have revealed the effect of temperature and humidity on respiratory virus stability and transmission rates. More recent research highlights the importance of the environmental factors, especially temperature and humidity, in modulating host intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses to viral infections in the respiratory tract. Here we review evidence of how outdoor and indoor climates are linked to the seasonality of viral respiratory infections. We further discuss determinants of host response in the seasonality of respiratory viruses by highlighting recent studies in the field. 2.1

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Section: Seasonality Of Respiratory Viruses In the Human Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections

2020

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“…So far, epidemiological studies had identified at least nine viruses categories that are capable of infecting respiratory tract [41,42]. Although all feature seasonal oscillation of outbreaks, only three viruses show peak incidences in the winter months, which are the Influenza, human coronavirus, and human respiratory syncytial virus [43,44]. Although the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors on COVID-19 transmission

Jiang¹,

Xu²,

Dai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Since its first appearance in Wuhan China in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic. Although the COVID-19 is known to cause by human-to-human transmission, it remains largely unclear whether ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors could promote its transmission process. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to understand the correlation between COVID-19 incidence and eight ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3-8 h) and three meteorological variables (temperature, humidity and wind level) in China’s two worst-hit cities, Wuhan and XiaoGan, between Jan 25th to Feb 29th in 2020. Results Our data showed that the COVID-19 incidence was constantly correlated with PM2.5, NO2 and local temperature in both cities. Specifically, in Wuhan, the tightest correlation was observed between NO2 and COVID-19 incidence (R2 = 0.329, p < 0.01). The PM2.5 and CO also present tight correlation with the incidence number, whose R2 equaled 0.174 (p < 0.01) and 0.203 (p < 0.05), respectively. In XiaoGan, in addition to the PM2.5 (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.01) and NO2 (R2 = 0.158, p < 0.05), a notable correlation was also observed between the PM10 and incidence cases (R2 = 0.158, p < 0.05). Moreover, temperature is the only meteorological factors that constantly correlated well with COVID-19 incidence in both Wuhan and XiaoGan, but in a negative pattern (R2 = 0.126 and 0.13, respectively, both p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data concludes that ambient air pollutants, especially PM2.5 and NO2, and temperature are three variables that could potential promote the sustained transmission of COVID-19. Thus, personal protective devices, especially the facial mask and eye goggle, shall be suggested to residents for SARS-CoV-2 protection in highly polluted regions.

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“…A caveat in our method of defining the RSV season is the use of the RSV antigen test as a marker for infection. A recent study found that utilizing PCR as an alternative diagnostic tool allows for a more expanded RSV season and, as a result, an increase in the RSV cases reported [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pregnant women

Hause

Avadhanula

Maccato

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tObjective: To describe the clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis of pregnant women with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Methods: Pregnant women in their second and third trimester were enrolled during the course of routine prenatal care visits when they were asymptomatic within the preceding two weeks (healthy controls) or when they reported symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) of 7 days of duration (cases). Clinical outcomes were assessed at enrollment and two weeks after. Re-enrollment was allowed. Nasalpharyngeal secretions were evaluated for respiratory pathogens by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sera were tested for RSV-specific antibody responses by Western Blot, microneutralization assay, and palivizumab competitive antibody assay. Results: During the 2015-2016 respiratory virus season, 7 of 65 (11%) pregnant women with ARI at their initial enrollment and 8 of 77 (10%) pregnant women with ARI during the study period (initial or reenrollment) had PCR-confirmed RSV infection. Four (50%) PCR-confirmed RSV ARI cases reported symptoms of a lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI), one was hospitalized. Combining PCR and serology data, the RSV attack rate at initial enrollment was 12% (8 of 65), and 13% (10 of 77) based on ARI episodes. Among healthy controls, 28 of 88 (32%) had a Western Blot profile suggestive of a recent RSV infection either in the prior and/or current season. Conclusion: RSV had an attack rate of 10-13% among ambulatory pregnant women receiving routine prenatal care during the respiratory virus season. The serology results of healthy controls suggest a potentially higher attack rate. Future studies should be aware of the combined diagnostic strength of PCR and serology to identify RSV infection. As maternal RSV vaccine candidates are evaluated to protect young infants, additional priority should be placed on outcomes of pregnant women.

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Determining the Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the United States: The Impact of Increased Molecular Testing

Cited by 80 publications

References 23 publications

Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections

Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections

Effect of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors on COVID-19 transmission

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pregnant women

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