Cancer Evolution Constrained by the Immune Microenvironment

Abstract

Tumor development is a Darwinian evolutionary process, involving the interplay between cancer subclones and the local immune microenvironment. These complex interactions are highlighted in this issue of Cell by the results from Jiménez-Sánchez et al. of a deep analysis of one patient with advanced serous carcinoma of the ovary.

High infiltration of mast cells is associated with improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in gallbladder cancer

“…The role of the immune system in the control of cancer initiation and progression has been demonstrated in recent decades . Although most tumors evade immune surveillance at the time of presentation, the residual signs of active anticancer immune response present a favorable prognosis . High TIM density is associated with positive prognosis in some tumors .…”

“…19 Although most tumors evade immune surveillance at the time of presentation, the residual signs of active anticancer immune response present a favorable prognosis. 9,20 High TIM density is associated with positive prognosis in some tumors. 10,13,21 It is reported that TIM arrest the growth and induce apoptosis of breast cancer through secretion of IL-4.…”

“…The recent breakthroughs in tumor immune therapy have shown promising therapeutic effects against cancer . Among the diverse components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor‐infiltrating immune cells are regarded as a key factor influencing immunotherapy response . Tumor‐infiltrating mast cells (TIM) accumulate in the TME in the early stages, and the infiltration of TIM is generally correlated with poor prognosis in multiple malignant tumors .…”

“…[5][6][7] Among the diverse components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-infiltrating immune cells are regarded as a key factor influencing immunotherapy response. 8,9 Tumor-infiltrating mast cells (TIM) accumulate in the TME in the early stages, and the infiltration of TIM is generally correlated with poor prognosis in multiple malignant tumors. 10,11 However, in human kidney cancer and gastric cancer, the accumulation of TIM is associated with favorable prognosis.…”

Generalized mathematical model of cancer heterogeneity

“…Subsequently, this process became an important topic of study in mathematics and was applied in several fields of science (16). In recent years, McGranahan and Swanton interpreted that tumor evolution within a cancer patient might follow the pattern of the evolution of species according to Darwin's evolution theory (22). As the cancer model The means and variances of the five cell lines are cited in (14) with unpublished data.…”