Proton pump inhibitors as risk factor for metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis in coeliac disease patients on gluten-free diet

Abstract

PPI exposure adds further risk of occurrence of MS and HS for patients with CD on GFD. The use of PPI in patients with CD on GFD should be limited to strict indications.

Increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten‐free diet: beyond traditional metabolic factors

“…This hypothesis is further supported by Kamal et al,whose patients with concomitant NAFLD and CD showed a suboptimal and slower histological intestinal improvement after the GFD, compared to patients with CD alone. Also, proton pump inhibitors (which are well‐known potential disruptors of the gut microbiota), have recently been identified as independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis in CD patients . Second, the contents of the GFD paired with the hyperphagic compensatory status that usually follows malabsorption is known to induce weight gain and increased lipid intake, which are critical factors in the development of NAFLD.…”

PNPLA3 rs738409 Polymorphism Predicts Development and Severity of Hepatic Steatosis but Not Metabolic Syndrome in Celiac Disease

“…Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to gluten in genetically susceptible subjects [ 1 ]. Recent evidence has shown that weight modifications are frequent in patients with CD once they start following a gluten-free diet (GFD) [ 2 , 3 ], although data about this topic are still contradictory [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. These changes are often associated with the development of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hepatic steatosis (HS), and metabolic syndrome (MS) [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Safety assessment of omeprazole use: a review

“…Miscarriage, proliferative changes, increased levels of chromogranin A, increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 2, chills, cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism and thrombosis), scarlet fever, hyperglycemia, mononucleosis infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, nasopharyngitis, otitis media, loss of libido, rhinitis, dementia, metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis, low sperm motility, increased risk of fibrosis progression, cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. [44][45][46][47][48]60,[65][66][67] DI (n = 6)…”

“…The frequency of adverse reactions was classified according to the leaflet of the reference drug product, except for the 28 studies for which there was no information on the leaflet. 80 3* 2* 3* Galante et al, 2012 96 4* 1* 3* Lin et al, 2012 81 4* 2* 3* David-Neto et al, 2012 49 4* 1* 3* Soriano et al, 2014 16 4* 2* 3* Chen et al, 2014 28 4* 2* 3* Wang et al, 2017 97 4* 2* 3* Gomm et al, 2016 44 4* 2* 3* Yi et al, 2017 47 4* 2* 3* Varallo et al, 2018 41 4* 2* 3* Imperatore et al, 2018 45 4* 2* 3* Lazzerini et al, 2018 42 4* 1* 3* Li et al, 2018 48 4 Table 3. Continuation Several drug interactions relating to omeprazole, especially with antiplatelet agents, are known.…”