Indication of Cross-Species Transmission of Astrovirus Associated with Encephalitis in Sheep and Cattle

Boujon, Céline Louise; Koch, Michel C.; Wüthrich, Daniel; Werder, Simea; Jakupovic, Dennis; Bruggmann, Rémy; Seuberlich, Torsten

doi:10.3201/eid2309.170168

Cited by 46 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Recently, neurotropic astrovirus associated with encephalitis was identified in a sheep. Interestingly, the similarity found among this strain and a astrovirus described in neurologically diseased cattle, indicates that astroviruses of the same genotype may cause encephalitis in different species [10]. So far, AstVs have been detected in over than 80 avian and mammalian host species [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses

Alves

Budaszewski

Cibulski

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Astroviruses are a common cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide and can also cause infection in a range of domestic and wild animal species. Canine astrovirus (formally named as Mamastrovirus 5, MAstV5) has been reported worldwide, and its role as an enteric pathogen is still controversial. Herein, we describe the genomic characterization of a MAstV5 (strain crab-eating fox/2016/BRA) identified in a wild canid (Cerdocyon thous) diagnosed with canine distemper virus (CDV) as causa mortis. The nearly complete genome comprised 6579 nt in length and displayed the archetypal organization of astroviruses. The present report is the first evidence of MAstV5 infection in an animal species other than the dog and highlights a possible natural astrovirus spillover between domestic and wild canids. Moreover, these results show the first evidence of extra-intestinal MAstV5, suggesting a virus systemic spread. This work is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the astroviruses biology and their interactions with the wildlife health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses

Alves

Budaszewski

Cibulski

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…Altogether, these findings suggest that there are probably other still unrecognized divergent astroviruses with clinical implications beyond gastroenteritis in humans and animals. The potential for cross-species transmission is high (43,44), and the increasing number of descriptions of nonenteric severe clinical manifestations in animals, especially neurologic involvement, should prompt us to validate appropriate systems to study the pathogenicity of astroviruses. Among the novel human astroviruses, a cell culture system has been recently described for VA1 (45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astrovirus MLB Replication In Vitro : Persistence in Extraintestinal Cell Lines

Bosch

Pintó

et al. 2019

J Virol

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MLB astroviruses were identified 10 years ago in feces from children with gastroenteritis of unknown etiology and have been unexpectedly detected in severe cases of meningitis/encephalitis, febrile illness of unknown etiology, and respiratory syndromes. The aim of this study was to establish a cell culture system supporting MLB astrovirus replication. We used two clinical strains to infect several cell lines, an MLB1 strain from a gastroenteritis case, and an MLB2 strain associated with a neurologic infection. Efforts to propagate the viruses in the Caco-2 cell line were unsuccessful. In contrast, we identified two human nonintestinal cell lines, Huh-7 and A549, permissive for both genotypes. After serial passages in the Huh-7.5 cell line, the adapted strains were able to establish persistent infections in the Huh-7.5, Huh-7AI, and A549 cell lines, with high viral loads (up to 10 log10 genome copies/ml) detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) in the culture supernatant. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated infection in about 10% of cells in persistently infected cultures. Electron microscopy revealed particles of 32 to 33 nm in diameter after negative staining of cell supernatants and capsid arrays in ultrathin sections with a particularly high production in Huh-7.5 cells. Interferon (IFN) expression by infected cells and effect of exogenous IFN varied depending on the type of infection and the cell line. The availability of a cell culture system to propagate MLB astroviruses represents a key step to better understand their replicative cycle, as well as a source of viruses to conduct a wide variety of basic virologic studies. IMPORTANCE MLB astroviruses are emerging viruses infecting humans. More studies are required to determine their exact epidemiology, but several reports have already identified them as the cause of unexpected clinical diseases, including severe neurologic diseases. Our study provides the first description of a cell culture system for the propagation of MLB astroviruses, enabling the study of their replicative cycle. Moreover, we demonstrated the unknown capacity of MLB astrovirus to establish persistent infections in cell culture. Whether these persistent infections are also established in vivo remains unknown, but the clinical consequences would be of high interest if persistence was confirmed in vivo. Finally, our analysis of IFN expression provides some trails to understand the mechanism by which MLB astroviruses can cause persistent infections in the assayed cultures.

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“…Another study suggested a common ancestor between the MLB clade and astrovirus identified in rats 21 . These data suggest a cross-species transmission 22,23 , which could have occurred long time ago. Sequences of novel HAstVs have been found in human stools of individuals with diarrhea 15,[24][25][26] , but also in asymptomatic healthy controls 27,28 ; unfortunately, the two latter reports have contradictory results in their case-control study, especially for MLB1, which so far is the most common.…”

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confidence: 68%

A Spanish case-control study in <5 year-old children reveals the lack of association between MLB and VA astrovirus and diarrhea

Sabrià

Aregall

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Novel human astroviruses (HAstV) were discovered 10 years ago and have been associated with fatal cases of central nervous system infections. Their role in gastroenteritis is controversial, as they have been identified in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. The aim of the study was to investigate novel HAstV in a gastroenteritis case-control study including a pediatric population in Spain over a one-year period. We included stool samples from patients with gastroenteritis and negative results for viruses screened by routine diagnostics, and stool samples of control subjects who sought for a routine medical consultation. All samples were screened by real-time Rt-pcR assays for novel HAstV. An additional screening for rotavirus, norovirus GI, GII, sapovirus, classic HAstV and adenovirus was also performed for the control group. Overall, 23/363 stool samples from case patients (6.3%) and 8/199 stool samples from control patients (4%) were positive for ≥1 novel HAstV. MLB1 was predominant (64.5% of positives). Seasonality was observed for the case group (p = 0.015), but not the control group (p = 0.95). No difference was observed in the prevalence of novel HAstV between the case and control groups (OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.68-5.45; p = 0.30). Nevertheless, MLB genome copy numbers/ml of fecal suspension was significantly higher in the control group than in the case group (p = 0.008). In our study, we identified a lack of association between novel HAstV and gastroenteritis in the studied population, which could indicate a potential role of reservoir for children, especially given the higher viral load observed in the asymptomatic group for some of them.

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Indication of Cross-Species Transmission of Astrovirus Associated with Encephalitis in Sheep and Cattle

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses

Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses

Human Astrovirus MLB Replication In Vitro : Persistence in Extraintestinal Cell Lines

A Spanish case-control study in <5 year-old children reveals the lack of association between MLB and VA astrovirus and diarrhea

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