Cytokine Signature in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis

Abstract

Hemodialysis is a modality of blood filtration in which accumulated toxins and water are removed from the body. This treatment is indicated for patients at the end stage of renal disease. Vascular access complications are responsible for 20–25% of all hospitalizations in dialyzed patients. The occurrence of thrombosis in the vascular access is a serious problem that may severely compromise or even make the hemodialysis impossible, which is vital for the patient. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory profile in patients undergoing hemodialysis as well as the association between these alterations and vascular access thrombosis. A total of 195 patients undergoing hemodialysis have been evaluated; of which, 149 patients had not experienced vascular access thrombosis (group I) and 46 patients had previously presented this complication (group II). Plasma levels of cytokines including interleukin (IL-) 2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured by cytometric bead array. Our results showed that patients with previous thrombotic events (group II) had higher levels of the IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ when compared to those in group I. Furthermore, a different cytokine signature was detected in dialyzed patients according to previous occurrences or not of thrombotic events, suggesting that elevated levels of T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 cytokines might, at least in part, contribute to this complication.

Proteomic Analysis of Human Serum from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Our results correlate well with the data obtained by other researchers in that blood APOA4, AAT, VIL1, complement component and cytokine concentrations increased in patients with renal disorders [8,[11][12][13][14]28,[32][33][34]43,[69][70][71]. Moreover, we found elevated serum concentrations of potential oncomarkers (CUL5, antigen KI-67) and other intracellular proteins (NKRF, CAPRI, IGSF22, APPBP2, CCD171 and CCD43) in patients with CKD.…”

“…It should be noted that increased blood levels of cytokines involved in the activation of Th1 cells as well as IL-2, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-12, RANTES, MIP-1α and IL-18 were previously observed in patients with CKD [68,69]. Simultaneous activation of Th1 and Th2 cells was shown in various renal pathologies [69][70][71] and in a number of other diseases [72][73][74]. Moreover, significantly increased IL-9 might suggest ongoing differentiation of Т-cells into a Th9 population [73].…”

Effect of monitored anesthesia care using dexmedetomidine on stress hormones and interleukin-6 in patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula formation

“…It has been known that the catecholamine concentration was significantly elevated in patients with chronic renal failure compared with age-matched normal controls, and the concentration of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine was 77 pg/dL and 330 pg/dL, respectively, in patients with renal disease [14,15]. Patients with end-stage renal disease also showed increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), cortisol, and glucose [16][17][18]. Particularly, cortisol levels in serum were significantly higher in patients with impaired glomerular filtration rate [19].…”

Hemodialysis in COVID-19 Patients: Yes or No? A Commentary

“…In patients with end-stage renal disease, proinflammatory cytokines levels are increased by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 8 Hemodialysis in people with a history of coagulation disorders can increase the level of inflammatory factors more than in patients without these disorders. The level of inflammatory factors in patients undergoing hemodialysis with a history of previous thrombotic events is higher than in those patients without a history of these disorders.…”