Socioeconomic differences in children’s growth trajectories from infancy to early adulthood: evidence from four European countries

McCrory, Cathal; O’Leary, Neil; Fraga, Sílvia; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel; Barros, Henrique; Kartiosuo, Noora; Raitakari, Olli T.; Kivimäki, Mika; Víneis, Paolo; Layte, Richard

doi:10.1136/jech-2016-208556

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…On the contrary, Clegg, Pawson, Ashton, and Flinn (), using Ethiopia children's data, found that highland children (living at ~3000 m), particularly boys, were taller, heavier, and bigger in most physical dimensions than were lowland children (living at ~1500 m). Furthermore, the effect of socioeconomic inequalities on height have been consistently observed within and between populations, with disadvantaged groups tending to be shorter in adulthood (Crespo, Valera, Gonzales, & Guerra García, ; Howe et al, ; McCrory et al, ; Silva et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth velocity curves and pubertal spurt parameters of Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. The Peruvian health and optimist growth study

Santos

Bustamante

Katzmarzyk

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objetive: To estimate the growth parameters of Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. Methods: The sample comprised 10 795 Peruvian children and adolescents (5781 girls, aged 6-7 years) from sea level, the Amazon region, and high altitude. Height was measured with standardized techniques. Mathematical and biological growth parameters were estimated using the Preece-Baines growth model I.Results: Sea-level children and adolescents experienced peak height velocity (PHV) at an earlier age (girls, 8.56 ± 2.37 years; boys, 12.03 ± 0.58 years) were taller at the time of PHV (girls, 144.1 ± 1.9 cm; boys, 154.3 ± 1.4 cm), had higher PHV (girls, 6.23 ± 3.87 cm/year; boys, 7.52 ± 2.31 cm/year), and had a taller estimated final height (girls, 154.2 ± 0.3 cm; boys, 166.3 ± 1.0 cm) compared to those living at high altitude (girls, 152.7 ± 0.7 cm; boys, 162.8 ± 0.8 cm) or in the Amazon region (152.1 ± 0.4 cm; boys, 162.2 ± 0.6 cm). Across all geographical areas, PHV occurred approximately 2 years earlier in girls (9.68 ± 0.99 years) than in boys (12.61 ± 0.42 years), their estimated PHV was 5.88 ± 1.92 cm/year vs 6.45 ± 1.09 cm/year, their size at PHV was 142.2 ± 1.4 cm vs 152.8 ± 0.7 cm, and their final adult height was estimated to be 153.1 ± 0.3 cm vs 164.2 ± 0.7 cm. Conclusions: Peruvian children and adolescents' physical growth timing and tempo were influenced by their living altitudes. Those living at sea level experienced an earlier age at PHV were taller at time of PHV, had a higher PHV, and had a taller estimated final height compared to those living at higher altitudes. Girls and boys also differed significantly in their growth parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth velocity curves and pubertal spurt parameters of Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. The Peruvian health and optimist growth study

Santos

Bustamante

Katzmarzyk

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

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“…The existence of social inequalities in growth and childhood overweight in high-income countries has been highlighted in recent years (Ballon et al, 2018;Barriuso et al, 2015;Howe et al, 2012;McCrory et al, 2017). These inequalities are observed as early as the first day of life, since positive associations have been described between socioeconomic position and both weight and length at birth (Ballon et al, 2018;Howe et al, 2012;Jansen et al, 2009;Mortensen, Helweg-Larsen, & Andersen, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which modifiable prenatal factors mediate the relation between socio‐economic position and a child's weight and length at birth?

Ballon

Botton²,

Forhan

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Although several studies have shown a positive association between socio‐economic position and size at birth, not enough is known about the modifiable factors that may be involved. We aimed to investigate whether maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking, diet, and depression during pregnancy mediate the positive association between maternal education and birth size. Weight and length z‐scores specific for gestational age and sex were calculated for 1,500 children from the EDEN mother–child cohort. A mediation analysis of the associations between maternal education and birth size was conducted with a counterfactual method, adjusted for recruitment centre, parity, maternal height, and age. In the comparison of children of mothers with low versus intermediate education levels, maternal smoking during pregnancy explained 52% of the total effect of education on birth weight. Similar findings were observed with birth length z‐score (37%). The comparison of children of mothers with high versus intermediate education levels yielded a non‐significant total effect, which masked opposite mediating effects by maternal BMI and smoking during pregnancy on both birth weight and length. Prepregnancy BMI and maternal smoking during pregnancy mediate the positive association between maternal education and birth weight and length z‐scores. These mediators, however, act in opposite directions, thereby masking the extent to which healthy prenatal growth is socially differentiated.

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“…We show that a latent growth model provides a unified testing framework, permitting separate estimates for within-and between-group catch-up in the same specification. Latent growth models have been used to quantify and explain (socio-economic) gradients in child growth outcomes (e.g., McCrory et al 2017), but they have not been widely used to test for the presence of catch-up growth. Moreover, as we discuss, such models address a number of shortcomings associated with conventional empirical tests of catch-up growth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Varied patterns of catch-up in child growth: Evidence from Young Lives

Anand

Behrman

Dang

et al. 2018

Social Science & Medicine

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The development of human capabilities for many disadvantaged children around the world depends on growth recovery ('catch-up growth'). Here we develop a novel framework that allows different types of catch-up growth to be classified and estimated. We distinguish between catch-up in the mean of a group toward that of a healthy reference population versus catch-up within the group. We show these different growth types can be tested in a unified setting using a latent growth framework. We apply the results to four developing countries, using longitudinal data on 7641 children collected over the period 2002-2013. The results show catch-up growth rates are generally modest but vary significantly between countries, and that local environmental factors are material to variation in child growth trajectories. The paper discusses the benefits of the new framework versus current methods, shows that the method is feasible, and suggests they call for intervention designs that are sensitive to community and country contexts.

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Socioeconomic differences in children’s growth trajectories from infancy to early adulthood: evidence from four European countries

Abstract: Significant differences in children's height by maternal education persist in modern child populations in Europe.

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Growth velocity curves and pubertal spurt parameters of Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. The Peruvian health and optimist growth study

Growth velocity curves and pubertal spurt parameters of Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. The Peruvian health and optimist growth study

Which modifiable prenatal factors mediate the relation between socio‐economic position and a child's weight and length at birth?

Varied patterns of catch-up in child growth: Evidence from Young Lives

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