Effect of Content of Sulfate Groups in Seaweed Polysaccharides on Antioxidant Activity and Repair Effect of Subcellular Organelles in Injured HK‐2 Cells

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the repair effect of subcellular structure injuries of the HK-2 cells of four degraded seaweed polysaccharides (DSPs), namely, the degraded Porphyra yezoensis, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Sargassum fusiform, and Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides. The four DSPs have similar molecular weight, but with different content of sulfate groups (i.e., 17.9%, 13.3%, 8.2%, and 5.5%, resp.). The damaged model was established using 2.8 mmol/L oxalate to injure HK-2 cells, and 60 μg/mL of various DSPs was used to repair the damaged cells. With the increase of sulfate group content in DSPs, the scavenging activity of radicals and their reducing power were all improved. Four kinds of DSPs have repair effect on the subcellular organelles of damaged HK-2 cells. After being repaired by DSPs, the release amount of lactate dehydrogenase was decreased, the integrity of cell membrane and lysosome increased, the Δψm increased, the cell of G1 phase arrest was inhibited, the proportion of S phase increased, and cell apoptotic and necrosis rates were significantly reduced. The greater the content of sulfate group is, the stronger is the repair ability of the polysaccharide. These DSPs, particularly the polysaccharide with higher sulfate group content, may be a potential drug for the prevention and cure of kidney stones.

Preparation of a sulfated exopolysaccharide (S-EPS) from Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus and its antioxidant effects

“…Noticeably, there was a double increase in the OH • scavenging ability from 46.03 % to 95.24 % between EPS and S-EPS11. The results strongly agree with Ma et al reported that antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharides were correlated with increasing sulfate contents and DS of products [10]. Collectively, our results revealed that the sulfated EPS reliably increase the bio-activities of EPS extracted from O. sinensis culture broth.…”

“…and sulfate contents, in which antioxidant activity of sulfated derivatives were correlated with increasing sulfate contents, but decreasing M.W. [2,10]. Currently, sulfated modification of polysaccharides was performed by a variety of various methods, including oleum dimethylformamide, sulfur trioxide pyridine (SO3-Pyr), chlorosulfonic acid (CSA)-pyridine (Pyr) and aminosulfonic acid (ASA)-pyridine (Pyr) method [2,8,11,12].…”

Carboxymethylated Sulfated Heteroexopolysaccharide from a Haloarchaeal Strain as Potential Biomolecule for Harmless Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer Treatment

“…CS-hEPS had higher scavenging ability due to its carboxymethyl, methoxyl, and sulfated groups, which is in agreement with the FTIR analysis and the sulfate content. ese groups were described in previous studies as free radical scavengers [50][51][52]. However, all these studies described the effect of chemically modified polysaccharides and so none of these works examined the combined effect of carboxymethyl, methoxyl, and sulfated groups on the bioactivity of polysaccharides.…”

PYP1‑4 peptide from Pyropia yezoensis protects against acetaminophen‑induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells

“…Therefore, P. yezoensis produces compounds that protect against external factors, including environmental pollutants, stresses and UV radiation (22,23). P. yezoensis has antioxidant (24,25), antitumor (26,27) and anti-inflammatory activities (28,29), and protects against neuronal senescence (30,31), photoaging (22,23) and cytotoxicity (32,33).…”