Seed priming with Se alleviate As induced phytotoxicity during germination and seedling growth by restricting As translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L c.v. IET-4094)
“…Production of ROS under drought stress leads to damage of chloroplasts and a significant reduction in chlorophyll content of leaves (Ahmadizadeh 2013). In the current study, chlorophyll contents increased with increased in selenium nanoparticle concentrations in the test seedlings, which confirms the findings of Moulick et al (2017) in work with rice. With increasing concentration of sodium selenate, photosynthetic pigment levels decreased due to toxicity at concentrations above 3 mg•L-1 (Table 3).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Seed priming with selenium increases germination and radical elongation (Nawaz et al 2013;Ullah et al 2019). Selenium had a positive effect on rice seed germination and seedling growth (Moulick et al 2017). Selenium also promotes plant growth and development under various stresses by increasing plants' resistance and antioxidant capacity (Chen et al 2020).…”
The early stages of quinoa germination are sensitive to drought stress. For this purpose, a study entitled the effect of selenium in different concentrations on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes of quinoa under drought stress conditions with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) was investigated. The first experimental factor was seed priming with selenium (from two sources: sodium selenate and selenium nanoparticles: SeNPs ≈ 33.4 nm) at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 mg•L −1 concentrations, besides, no priming treatment was used as control. The second factor was drought stress with PEG 6000 in concentrations 0, -0.4, -0.8, and -1.2 MPa. Drought stress with accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) had a negative effect on most of the measured traits. In seeds that were primed with appropriate selenium concentrations, germination parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity as well as proline and protein content increased compared to the control treatment. Under conditions of severe stress (-1.2 MPa), the highest activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes was observed in prime with selenium nanoparticles at concentrations of 4.5, 6.0 and 4.5 mg•L −1 , respectively. Concentrations higher than 3 mg•L −1 of selenium nanoparticles and concentrations of 3 mg•L − 1 sodium selenate had the highest accumulation of photosynthetic pigments under control (stress-free) conditions. The present study shows that selenium priming can reduce the harmful effects of drought stress on quinoa by altering germination properties and biochemical properties.
“…Production of ROS under drought stress leads to damage of chloroplasts and a significant reduction in chlorophyll content of leaves (Ahmadizadeh 2013). In the current study, chlorophyll contents increased with increased in selenium nanoparticle concentrations in the test seedlings, which confirms the findings of Moulick et al (2017) in work with rice. With increasing concentration of sodium selenate, photosynthetic pigment levels decreased due to toxicity at concentrations above 3 mg•L-1 (Table 3).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Seed priming with selenium increases germination and radical elongation (Nawaz et al 2013;Ullah et al 2019). Selenium had a positive effect on rice seed germination and seedling growth (Moulick et al 2017). Selenium also promotes plant growth and development under various stresses by increasing plants' resistance and antioxidant capacity (Chen et al 2020).…”
The early stages of quinoa germination are sensitive to drought stress. For this purpose, a study entitled the effect of selenium in different concentrations on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes of quinoa under drought stress conditions with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) was investigated. The first experimental factor was seed priming with selenium (from two sources: sodium selenate and selenium nanoparticles: SeNPs ≈ 33.4 nm) at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 mg•L −1 concentrations, besides, no priming treatment was used as control. The second factor was drought stress with PEG 6000 in concentrations 0, -0.4, -0.8, and -1.2 MPa. Drought stress with accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) had a negative effect on most of the measured traits. In seeds that were primed with appropriate selenium concentrations, germination parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity as well as proline and protein content increased compared to the control treatment. Under conditions of severe stress (-1.2 MPa), the highest activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes was observed in prime with selenium nanoparticles at concentrations of 4.5, 6.0 and 4.5 mg•L −1 , respectively. Concentrations higher than 3 mg•L −1 of selenium nanoparticles and concentrations of 3 mg•L − 1 sodium selenate had the highest accumulation of photosynthetic pigments under control (stress-free) conditions. The present study shows that selenium priming can reduce the harmful effects of drought stress on quinoa by altering germination properties and biochemical properties.
“…Additionally, rice plant height, number of tillers, chlorophyll content, panicle length and kernel weight were also all significantly enhanced when rice seeds were coated in Se before sowing [101,102]. Se-coating rice seeds also reduce arsenic phytotoxicity seedlings and enhance crop productivity [100][101][102][103].…”
Section: Finland Case Study: Selenium Biofortification Of Human and Lmentioning
The trace element selenium (Se) is a crucial element for many living organisms, including soil microorganisms, plants and animals, including humans. Generally, in Nature Se is taken up in the living cells of microorganisms, plants, animals and humans in several inorganic forms such as selenate, selenite, elemental Se and selenide. These forms are converted to organic forms by biological process, mostly as the two selenoamino acids selenocysteine (SeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet). The biological systems of plants, animals and humans can fix these amino acids into Se-containing proteins by a modest replacement of methionine with SeMet. While the form SeCys is usually present in the active site of enzymes, which is essential for catalytic activity. Within human cells, organic forms of Se are significant for the accurate functioning of the immune and reproductive systems, the thyroid and the brain, and to enzyme activity within cells. Humans ingest Se through plant and animal foods rich in the element. The concentration of Se in foodstuffs depends on the presence of available forms of Se in soils and its uptake and accumulation by plants and herbivorous animals. Therefore, improving the availability of Se to plants is, therefore, a potential pathway to overcoming human Se deficiencies. Among these prospective pathways, the Se-biofortification of plants has already been established as a pioneering approach for producing Se-enriched agricultural products. To achieve this desirable aim of Se-biofortification, molecular breeding and genetic engineering in combination with novel agronomic and edaphic management approaches should be combined. This current review summarizes the roles, responses, prospects and mechanisms of Se in human nutrition. It also elaborates how biofortification is a plausible approach to resolving Se-deficiency in humans and other animals.
“…Besides causing damage to plasma membrane, Al 3+ -induced ROS production also results in growth inhibition, ATP depletion, inhibition of cellular respiration, alteration of redox homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations [22,23]. Like other stressors (abiotic) and metal/metalloid, Al 3+ -induced ROS production and subsequent alteration of physiological and cellular functions have been well documented in a large variety of plant species [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Manganese (Mn 2+ ) toxicity is recognised as a major factor affecting plant growth and metabolism in acidic and poorly drained soils [40].…”
The present study investigates the potential ameliorative role of seven secondary metabolites, viz., ascorbate (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), serotonin (5-HT), indole–3–acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3), for mitigation of aluminium (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+) stress associated with acidic soils in rice, maize and wheat. The dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and mono-dehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) of the cereals were used as model targets, and the analysis was performed using computational tools. Molecular docking approach was employed to evaluate the interaction of these ions (Al3+ and Mn2+) and the metabolites at the active sites of the two target enzymes. The results indicate that the ions potentially interact with the active sites of these enzymes and conceivably influence the AsA–GSH cycle. The metabolites showed strong interactions at the active sites of the enzymes. When the electrostatic surfaces of the metabolites and the ions were generated, it revealed that the surfaces overlap in the case of DHAR of rice and wheat, and MDHAR of rice. Thus, it was hypothesized that the metabolites may prevent the interaction of ions with the enzymes. This is an interesting approach to decipher the mechanism of action of secondary metabolites against the metal or metalloid - induced stress responses in cereals by aiming at specific targets. The findings of the present study are reasonably significant and may be the beginning of an interesting and useful approach towards comprehending the role of secondary metabolites for stress amelioration and mitigation in cereals grown under acidic soil conditions.
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