The inner retinal structures of the eyes of children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity

Ys, Lee; Chang, S-H; Wu, S-C; See, L. C.; Yang, M-L; Wc, Wu

doi:10.1038/eye.2017.156

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…It has been well documented that prematurity has a great impact on the development of retinal morphology and vascular network [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ]. OCTA is a very useful, noninvasive method for visualization of the optic disc, retina, choroid, and their vasculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and Vessel Density of the Macula in Preterm Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Czeszyk

Hautz

Jaworski

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Retinal morphology changes may be associated with prematurity and can lead to visual impairment. Optical coherence tomography angiography may contribute to understanding the pathomechanism of structural and vascular retinal impairment in premature children. The aim of this study was to assess an influence of prematurity, neonatal clinical characteristics, and a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on the morphology and retinal vascularity of macula in children. Methods: A case–control study of 123 preterm children and 86 full-term children was performed. The age of the subjects was 10.45 years (IQR: 8.12–12.77), while the age of the control group was 11.78 years (IQR: 8.81–13.79). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA, angio-OCT) were performed using RTVueXR Avanti (Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). Ganglion cell complex (GCC), foveal thickness (FT), parafoveal thickness (PFT), size of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in superficial plexus, superficial capillary vessel density (sVD), deep capillary vessel density (dVD), central choroidal thickness (CCT), and presence of macular hypoplasia were analyzed. The association between OCT/angio-OCT results and clinical characteristics including the degree of ROP and therapy requirements was assessed in preterm infants. Results: Foveal morphology was affected in preterm children with high incidence of foveal hypoplasia (24.77%). GCC was thinner in preterm children compared to controls: avgGG 93 μm vs. 100 μm, p < 0.001. No associations between GCC and gestational age (R = −0.085; p = 0.228) and birth weight (R = −0.054; p = 0.446) were found. FAZ in preterm group was smaller than in controls (0.13 ± 0.09 vs. 0.22 ± 0.09; p < 0.001). FAZ area correlated with gestational age (R = 0.456; p < 0.001) and birth weight (R = 0.472; p < 0.001). Deep vessel density in the fovea was higher in preterm children than in control group (p < 0.001). PFT was significantly lower in preterm children compared to control group. However, increased thickness in the fovea was noted in preterm children (p < 0.001). FT was inversely correlated with gestational age (R = −0.562; p < 0.001) and birth weight (R = −0.508, p < 0.001). CCT was lower in preterm children (312 μm vs. 337.5 μm, p < 0.001) Parameters of GCC and FT were higher in patients with ROP required treatment compared to patients without ROP and spontaneously regressed retinopathy. FAZ was smaller in patients with retinopathy than in preterm children without ROP. Conclusion: Prematurity has a significant negative impact on GCC, macular morphology, and vascularization. In premature children, decreased FAZ, increased FT, and vessel density were strongly associated with gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, ROP stage, and treatment requirement. Optical coherence tomography angiography is a useful tool for detecting retinal changes in premature children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual outcome depends on ROP stage and treatment method. Children with a history of prematurity are reported to have higher risk of ocular disorders including reduced vision acuity, high refractive error, anisometropia, amblyopia, strabismus, glaucoma, cataract, and retinal detachment [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Vessel Density of the Macula in Preterm Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Czeszyk

Hautz

Jaworski

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…3 Despite the availability of this therapy, many children with a history of ROP suffer visual impairment, including reduced visual acuity and deficient subtle color vision, 4 constricted visual field and contrast sensitivity, 5 and increased dark-adapted thresholds. 6 Moreover, human 7,8 and animal studies 9,10 have shown retinal dysfunction and structural abnormalities. The aforementioned evidence strongly implies that the neural retina is also affected by ROP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin protects inner retinal neurons of newborn mice after hypoxia‐ischemia

Huang

Lü

et al. 2021

Journal of Pineal Research

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Retinopathy of prematurity is a vision-threatening disease associated with retinal hypoxia-ischemia, leading to the death of retinal neurons and chronic neuronal degeneration. During this study, we used the oxygen-induced retinopathy mice model to mimic retinal hypoxia-ischemia phenotypes to investigate further the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on neonatal retinal neurons. Melatonin helped maintain relatively normal inner retinal architecture and thickness and preserve inner retinal neuron populations in avascular areas by rescuing retinal ganglion and bipolar cells, and horizontal and amacrine neurons, from apoptosis. Meanwhile, melatonin recovered visual dysfunction, as reflected by the improved amplitudes and implicit times of a-wave, b-wave, and oscillatory potentials. Additionally, elevated cleaved caspase-3 and Bax protein levels and reduced Bcl-2 protein levels in response to hypoxia-ischemia were diminished after melatonin treatment. Moreover, melatonin increased BDNF and downstream phospho-TrkB/Akt/ERK/CREB levels. ANA-12, a TrkB receptor antagonist, antagonized these melatonin actions and reduced melatonin-induced neuroprotection. Furthermore, melatonin rescued the reduction in melatonin receptor expression. This study suggests that melatonin exerted antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects in inner retinal neurons after hypoxia-ischemia, at least partly due to modulation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway.

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“…Studies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) have described retinal changes and changes in the foveal morphology in children born preterm and in children with a history of ROP. Compared with full‐term children born >37 weeks of gestation, children born preterm showed a shallower foveal depression, persisting inner retinal layers, a thinner retina and absence of photoreceptor sublayers (Park & Oh 2012; Lee et al 2018). Furthermore, preterm children with a history of ROP have a higher incidence of ocular changes including a high refractive error, strabismus and glaucoma (Spaide et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), which is a noninvasive imaging system for the visualization of the retinal vasculature, the different retinal vascular plexus can be viewed allowing precise localization of a pathology within the retina and choroid (Lee et al 2018). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has been shown to provide reliable images of microvascular abnormalities that can be linked to changes in visual acuity in various retinal pathologies such as age‐related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion (Jia et al 2012; Shah et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal vessel architecture in retinopathy of prematurity and healthy controls using swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography

Rezar‐Dreindl

Eibenberger

Told

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

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To determine microvascular changes in children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and in a control group of full-term children. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 30 eyes of 15 children aged 6-8 years with a history of ROP were evaluated with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Twenty-eight eyes of 22 age-matched full-term children served as a healthy control group. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ), vessel density (VD) and choroidal vascular flow area (VFA) were evaluated on OCTA and correlated with central retinal thickness (CRT), visual acuity (VA), birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA) and ROP stages. Results: Twenty-two eyes of 14 children with a history of ROP (stage 1-3) and 25 eyes of 19 full-term children were available for evaluation. In the ROP group, the gestational age was 27 AE 2 weeks and birth weight was 781 AE 164 g. In the ROP group, CRT was higher in the central ETDRS segment (mean difference [95% CI]: 32.8 µm [18.7; 47.0], p = 0.0002) compared to the controls. Smaller mean FAZ area (À0.12 [À0.19; À0.04], p = 0.004) and perimeter (À662 [À1228; À96], p = 0.03) was found in comparison to the control group. An oval shape of the FAZ was observed among patients with a history of ROP. The mean central VD of the superficial plexus was 28 AE 8/23 AE 8% and of the deep plexus 7 AE 7/3 AE 5% (ROP group/control group; p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found regarding the choroidal VFA. Only weak correlation of FAZ and VD with function was observed. Conclusions: Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography imaging revealed significant microvascular anomalies in children with a history of ROP indicating disturbance of early morphological development of the central retina.

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The inner retinal structures of the eyes of children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Morphology and Vessel Density of the Macula in Preterm Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Morphology and Vessel Density of the Macula in Preterm Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Melatonin protects inner retinal neurons of newborn mice after hypoxia‐ischemia

Retinal vessel architecture in retinopathy of prematurity and healthy controls using swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography

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