Relation between adiposity and vascular events, malignancy and mortality in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease

Abstract

In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.

Body composition and bone mineral density in childhood

“…In addition, individuals with the greatest central adiposity have disproportionately higher levels of insulin resistance [40]. Consistent with this body of research, the association between central adiposity and other adverse outcomes such as atrial fibrillation [41], vascular events [42], and all-cause mortality [43], has been shown to be strongest in individuals with the highest levels of central adiposity. Thus, our study adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that there may be a threshold of central adiposity beyond which individuals are more prone to develop metabolically-mediated adverse health outcomes.…”

Visceral obesity and incident cancer and cardiovascular disease: An integrative review of the epidemiological evidence

“…There is also evidence of several sex-specific associations between visceral obesity and several types of cancer that used sex-specific cut-offs sometimes and did not other times. Regarding the anatomical points, we observed a great variation in measurements for WC: narrowest point between the iliac crest and the lower rib, 32 midpoint between the lowest rib and the top of the iliac crest 34,54,55,58 and narrowest torso circumference 43 2 cm above umbilicus. 20 It is important to use standard measures and cut-offs for the same anatomical point to improve results.…”

“…There were studies that used body composition measured by computed tomography, DXA or ultrasound. 6,[57][58][59] VAT is the most used body composition variable to describe visceral fat. Fewer studies had used both methods to analyse visceral obesity.…”

“…28,58 A positive association between WC and WHR with CVD risk (heart failure, coronary artery disease or CVD risk factor) was found in few cohort studies and in a systematic review. 22,28,51,53,56 However, in three cohort studies that performed sex-specific analyses, the association between WC and myocardial infarction 60 or CVD risk 54,58 disappeared in women and not significant in men. A similar pattern was observed for WHR and CVD risk, which was not associated in both sexes.…”

“…A similar pattern was observed for WHR and CVD risk, which was not associated in both sexes. 54 The findings, however, from cohort studies that analysed visceral obesity with more sophisticated methods of body composition, such as computed tomography, the variables VAT or visceral adiposity index (VAI) were associated with CVD 6,21,[58][59][60] in all participants.…”