Formation and control of nitrogenous DBPs from Western Australian source waters: Investigating the impacts of high nitrogen and bromide concentrations

Abstract

We studied the formation of four nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) classes (haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines), as well as trihalomethanes and total organic halogen (TOX), after chlorination or chloramination of source waters. We also evaluated the relative and additive toxicity of N-DBPs and water treatment options for minimisation of N-DBPs. The formation of halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines was higher after chloramination and positively correlated with dissolved organic nitrogen or total nitrogen. N-DBPs were major contributors to the toxicity of both chlorinated and chloraminated waters. The strong correlation between bromide concentration and the overall calculated DBP additive toxicity for both chlorinated and chloraminated source waters demonstrated that formation of brominated haloacetonitriles was the main contributor to toxicity. Ozone-biological activated carbon treatment was not effective in removing N-DBP precursors. The occurrence and formation of N-DBPs should be investigated on a case-by-case basis, especially where advanced water treatment processes are being considered to minimise their formation in drinking waters, and where chloramination is used for final disinfection.

Spatial variation of dissolved organic nitrogen in Wuhan surface waters: Correlation with the occurrence of disinfection byproducts during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…In this study, TCM and TBM concentrations complied with the standards even after the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, most countries, including China, have not developed guidelines to limit DBPs in surface water ( Kristiana et al., 2017 ).

Fig.

…”

Comparative Quantitative Toxicology and QSAR Modeling of the Haloacetonitriles: Forcing Agents of Water Disinfection Byproduct Toxicity

“…Source waters − and wastewaters with high bromide and nitrogen concentrations enhanced the formation of N-DBPs. Natural organic matter, pharmaceutical, and personal care products in source waters may lead to N-DBP formation. , Characteristics of source waters as well as disinfection methods can generate increased levels of N-DBPs. ,,− N-DBPs were more toxic than carbonaceous DBPs , and HANs were forcing agents of measured or calculated toxicity. ,− ,,− These facts indicate the importance of this DBP class in potential health risks. ,, …”

Identification of Suitability Agriculture Landuse and Water Contamination Level as Agricultural Intensification Effect in Upstream of Brantas Watershed, Batu

“…Nitrat (NO 3 ) merupakan salah satu bentuk nitrogen di perairan alami dan merupakan nutrien utama bagi pertumbuhan tanaman dan algae, nitrat sangat mudah larut dalam air dan bersifat stabil, senyawa ini dihasilkan dari proses oksidasi sempurna senyawa nitrogen di perairan (Effendi, 2003;Wang et al, 2012;Czerwionka, 2016;Kristiana et al, 2017). Hasil uji sampel menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 titik yang memiliki konsentrasi Total N melebihi batas ambang baku mutu (0.5 mg/l).…”