Partitioning of PCBs from air to clothing materials in a Danish apartment

Morrison, Glenn; Andersen, Helle Vibeke; Gunnarsen, Lars; Varol, Deniz; Uhde, Erik; Kolařík, Barbara

doi:10.1111/ina.12411

Cited by 42 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Several studies have been carried out to address the mass transfer mechanism of SVOCs in indoor environments [5][6][7][8], and fugacity-based models have been developed to predict indoor SVOC concentrations [9][10][11]. The first dynamic model was developed to predict the emission of phthalates from a piece of vinyl flooring into the gas phase and the mass transfer of phthalates between the gas phase and airborne particles in a single room [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long-term dynamic model for predicting the concentration of semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments: Application to phthalates

Wei

Ramalho

Mandin

2019

Building and Environment

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Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor environments can partition into the gas phase, airborne particles, and settled dust and onto available surfaces. A long-term dynamic model was developed to predict the hourly concentrations of SVOCs over a year in the gas phase, airborne particles, and settled dust and on each sink surface. The model takes into account mass transfer mechanisms, the reactivity of SVOCs with oxidants indoors, and the influence of four indoor environmental factors (the air temperature, relative humidity, concentration of indoor airborne particles, and air exchange rate) on the mass transfer parameters. The model was validated for DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) and BBzP (butyl benzyl phthalate) by comparing the predicted concentrations in all the phases with the measured concentrations obtained in an environmental chamber and a test house. The model was then used to predict the hourly averaged concentration of BBzP in all the phases under real environmental conditions over a year. More than 52% of the variance in the BBzP concentration was found to be associated with the covariance of the environmental factors. The air exchange rate contributed to 16% of the variance in the concentration. In addition, the indoor air temperature and relative humidity contributed 9% of the variance in the gas-phase concentration of BBzP and 7% of the variance in the settled dust concentration of BBzP. The variance in the concentration of the total suspended particles contributed 10% of the variance in the BBzP concentration on the walls and windows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long-term dynamic model for predicting the concentration of semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments: Application to phthalates

Wei

Ramalho

Mandin

2019

Building and Environment

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“…18 In addition, a study conducted in the Munich metropolitan area revealed a strong positive association between the distance to the nearest main road and eczema; in particular, it was found that NO 2 was positively associated with eczema in children exposed to traffic-related air pollution. 19 In a more recent work, PM 10 and NO 2 exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with the development of infantile AD. 20 It has also been demonstrated that maternal smoking during pregnancy and/or in the first year after birth is a major risk factor for the development of AD among children aged between 6 and 13 years.…”

Section: Cutaneous Tissues As a Gateway For The Outdoor Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Interestingly, a role of clothing in influencing the cutaneous uptake of harmful compounds from polluted air has been investigated by several groups; surprisingly, clean clothes are only able to protect the skin by about 20–30% from pollution absorption, eventually being a source of pollutant accumulation, and increasing cutaneous uptake if not changed daily …”

Section: Increasing Air Pollution and Implications For Human Skin Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even more striking is the finding that dermal absorption of VOCs increases tremendously with age; indeed, subjects over 60 years old had five times higher levels of the phthalates in urine compared to 30-year-old subjects. 8 Interestingly, a role of clothing in influencing the cutaneous uptake of harmful compounds from polluted air has been investigated by several groups [9][10][11] ; surprisingly, clean clothes are only able to protect the skin by about 20-30% from pollution absorption, eventually being a source of pollutant accumulation, and increasing cutaneous uptake if not changed daily. 9,10 2 | POLLUTION AND SKIN PATHOLOGIES The use of the word "pollution" can be misleading given that there are several different pollutants that can affect our health.…”

Section: Cutaneous Tissues As a Gateway For The Outdoor Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal in pollution‐induced skin damage

et al. 2019

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The effects of environmental insults on human health are a major global concern. Some of the most noxious pollutants that humans are exposed to include ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM), and cigarette smoke (CS). Since the skin is the first line of defense against environmental insults, it is considered one of the main target organs for the harmful insults of air pollution. Thus, there is solid evidence that skin pathologies such as premature aging, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis are associated with pollutant exposure; all of these skin conditions are also associated with an altered redox status. Therefore, although the mechanisms of action and concentrations of O3, PM, and CS that we are exposed to differ, exposure to all of these pollutants is associated with the development of similar skin conditions due to the fact that all of these pollutants alter redox homeostasis, increasing reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress. A main product of oxidative stress, induced by exposure to the aforementioned pollutants, is 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE), which derives from the oxidation of ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. HNE is a highly reactive compound that can form adducts with cellular proteins and even DNA; it is also an efficient cell signaling molecule able to regulate mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways and the activity of redox‐sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, AP1, and NFκB. Therefore, increased levels of HNE in the skin, in response to pollutants, likely accelerates skin aging and exacerbates existing skin inflammatory conditions; thus, targeting HNE formation could be an innovative cosmeceutical approach for topical applications.

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“…26 Several studies followed, presenting both measurements and models describing SVOC emission, transport and subsequent exposure, often with a focus on phthalates such as DEHP. [35][36][37][38] In 2012, Little et al 31 proposed a framework for rapid exposure estimates based on the source type in which the respective SVOC is present. Accounting for source composition and use as well as emission characteristics, a simple method to estimate exposure for additives in sources used indoors and for sources sprayed or applied to interior surfaces was developed.…”

Section: Initial Focus On Svocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Human Exposure to SVOCs in Materials, Products, and Articles: A Modular Mechanistic Framework

Eichler

Hubal

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A critical review of the current state of knowledge of chemical emissions from indoor sources, partitioning among indoor compartments, and the ensuing indoor exposure leads to a proposal for a modular mechanistic framework for predicting human exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Mechanistically consistent source emission categories include solid, soft, frequent contact, applied, sprayed, and high temperature sources. Environmental compartments are the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, indoor surfaces, and clothing. Identified research needs are the development of dynamic emission models for several of the source emission categories and of estimation strategies for critical model parameters. The modular structure of the framework facilitates subsequent inclusion of new knowledge, other chemical classes of indoor pollutants, and additional mechanistic processes relevant to human exposure indoors. The framework may serve as the foundation for developing an open-source community model to better support collaborative research and improve access for application by stakeholders. Combining exposure estimates derived using this framework with toxicity data for different end points and toxicokinetic mechanisms will accelerate chemical risk prioritization, advance effective chemical management decisions, and protect public health.

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Partitioning of PCBs from air to clothing materials in a Danish apartment

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

A long-term dynamic model for predicting the concentration of semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments: Application to phthalates

A long-term dynamic model for predicting the concentration of semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments: Application to phthalates

Involvement of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal in pollution‐induced skin damage

Assessing Human Exposure to SVOCs in Materials, Products, and Articles: A Modular Mechanistic Framework

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