“…Nasal obstruction and hypoxia are both stimuli for the growth and development of rats throughout the process. Moreover, prolonged hypoxia can cause significant pathological changes in organs such as the skull, eyes, kidney, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal tract (Damman, Bloks, & Daha, 2015; Jakus, Jakus, Aračić, Stipić, & Vilović, 2017; Kim, Fong, Pilowsky, & Abbott, 2018; Klemm, Hurst, & Dias Blak, 2019; Wang et al., 2013; Yuan et al., 2018). However, at the very early stage, hypoxia is not as significant in remodeling the condyles of rats as mouth breathing.…”