Determination of the Degree of Substitution of Cationic Guar Gum by Headspace-Based Gas Chromatography during Its Synthesis

Wan, Xiaofang; Guo, Congbao; Feng, Jing; Yu, Teng; Chai, Xin‐Sheng; Chen, Guangxue; Xie, Wei-Qi

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03144

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Cationic guar gum includes a pendant hydroxypropyl group on the galactose unit with quaternary amine functionality (see molecular structure in Figure 1 ). Two common synthetic routes for producing cationic guar gum consist of reacting guar gum with 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride or 2,3‐epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride, although there are a number of different synthetic approaches that have been explored [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the interactions of cationic guar with human hair by electrokinetic analysis

McMullen

Laura

Zhang

et al. 2021

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective Cationic guar is an important polysaccharide used as a hair conditioning agent in personal care products. In this article, we report streaming potential data demonstrating its behaviour as it interacts electrostatically with hair. Several cationic guar variants with different molecular weights (MWs) and charge densities (CDs) were examined. Methods All experiments were carried out with a custom‐designed streaming potential instrument so that in situ, real‐time data were monitored during the treatment of a hair plug with aqueous solutions of cationic guar and subsequent treatment with anionic surfactants—sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB)—commonly found in contemporary shampoo formulations. Results The MW of the cationic guar variants plays an integral role in determining the thickness of the adsorbed polymer layer on the hair surface while CD influences the zeta potential. Data were also generated for the treatment of hair with a cationic flexible polymer (polyquaternium‐28) and cationic conditioning surfactant (behentrimonium chloride) to provide a frame of reference. The deposition behaviour on hair of high MW cationic guar variants is distinct from these conventional molecules in terms of its electrokinetic properties. We also examined the electrokinetic behaviour of cationic guar on hair types from different racial backgrounds. While the cationic guar treatment yielded similar results for the different hair types, anionic surfactant treatment resulted in quicker sorption and desorption from African, European 65% grey, and Mulatto hair as compared to Chinese, European dark brown, and Indian hair. Conclusion We introduce an in situ technique for measuring the dynamic sorption/desorption of charged molecules on the surface of human hair. Evaluation of a series of cationic guar species revealed varying behaviour depending on the MW and CD of the polysaccharide. Our data also demonstrate differences in the desorption properties of typical shampoo surfactants for hair from diverse racial backgrounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the interactions of cationic guar with human hair by electrokinetic analysis

McMullen

Laura

Zhang

et al. 2021

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…Headspace gas chromatography (HS‐GC) is an efficient technique in the detection of volatile substances in complex samples [19–21] . In the HS‐GC technique, the effect of different sample matrices can be minimized for a correct determination of volatile compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase‐Transfer Strategy toward High‐Throughput Chromatographic Detection of Pentosan Content in Wheat‐Derived Products

et al. 2021

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This paper demonstrated a new approach for detecting pentosan content in wheat products enabled by phase‐transfer reaction technique. This approach was based on the phase‐transfer reaction of pentosans in wheat sample to furfural in an acidic medium. The hydrolysis reaction could be finished within 30 min at 90 °C, with a sulfuric acid concentration of 12.0 mol/L. The furfural generated from the hydrolysis of pentosan was then measured by headspace gas chromatography (HS‐GC) using a flame ionization detector (FID). The results showed that this method was precise (relative standard deviations (RSD)≤2.82 %) and accurate (relative differences (RD)≤6.49 % compared with the reference spectrophotometric method, the recoveries ranged from 98.1 to 102 %). Moreover, the developed approach is semi‐automated and efficient, which can be a good alternative method for the high‐throughput analysis of pentosan content in both laboratory and mill testing.

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“…Headspace sampling (HS) is a popular pretreatment technique used for the determination of volatile species by gas chromatography with and without mass spectrometry (GC/GC–MS), , which can effectively separate targeted analytes from the liquid phase and finally reach a gas–liquid equilibrium, thus enhancing sample introduction efficiency and sensitivity and eliminating matrix interference and memory effect on further detection. Moreover, the HS technique offers a remarkable throughput, which is beneficial for massive sample analysis in environmental chemistry or food science. − Therefore, if a device is developed to provide the dual functions of a photochemical vapor generator and an HS device, the high-throughput, highly sensitive, matrix interference- and memory effect-free determination of toxic elements would be obtained when coupled with an atomic spectrometer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Learning from Headspace Sampling: a Versatile High-Throughput Reactor for Photochemical Vapor Generation

Lin

Yang

et al. 2022

Anal. Chem.

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Inspired by the headspace sampling (HS) device, a versatile highthroughput photochemical reactor with twenty vessels serving as both the photochemical vapor generator and the HS device was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of mercury, nickel, and selenium by coupling photochemical vapor generation (PVG) to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) or point discharge optical emission spectrometry (μPD-OES). The photochemical reactor utilized a specially designed annular UV lamp around which the vessels containing sample solution were automatically rotated and irradiated to yield gaseous analyte species. Subsequently, the species escaped into the headspace of vessels prior to introduction to the atomic spectrometer. Compared with the conventional flow injection (FI) or continuous flow (CF) PVG, the developed PVG-HS method possesses several unique advantages including high throughput (260 pcs h −1 ), high sensitivity, and the elimination of matrix interference from transition metal ions and the memory effect associated with the quantification of mercury. Limits of detection (LODs) of 0.002, 0.007, and 0.01 μg L −1 were obtained for Hg (II), Ni (II), and Se (IV) by PVG−HS−AFS, respectively, and 0.02 and 0.2 μg L −1 were obtained for Hg (II) and Ni (II) by PVG−HS−μPD-OES, respectively. The practicality of the reactor was evaluated by the detection of Hg (II), Ni (II), and Se (IV) in five certified reference materials, including water (GBW08603, GBW08607, and GBW(E)080395), National Research Council Canada dogfish liver (DOLT-5), fish protein (DORM-4), and three river water samples with good recoveries (92−106%).

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Determination of the Degree of Substitution of Cationic Guar Gum by Headspace-Based Gas Chromatography during Its Synthesis

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation of the interactions of cationic guar with human hair by electrokinetic analysis

Investigation of the interactions of cationic guar with human hair by electrokinetic analysis

Phase‐Transfer Strategy toward High‐Throughput Chromatographic Detection of Pentosan Content in Wheat‐Derived Products

Learning from Headspace Sampling: a Versatile High-Throughput Reactor for Photochemical Vapor Generation

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