Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Preclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Toddlers

Groner, Judith A.; Huang, Hong; Joshi, Mandar; Eastman, Nicholas; Nicholson, Lisa; Bauer, John

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.06.032

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Hair nicotine provides a long‐term, stable measure of SHSe as nicotine is integrated into the growing hair shaft over multiple months 25 . Hair was obtained following a standardized protocol previously described 26 . Samples were processed by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection as described 25 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and environmental exposures influence the fecal bacteriome of young children with cystic fibrosis

Loman

Shrestha

Thompson

et al. 2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Background Mechanisms that facilitate early infection and inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) are unclear. We previously showed that young CF children with secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) have increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. We aimed to define the impact of SHSe and other external factors upon the fecal bacteriome in early CF. Methods Twenty CF infants and children were enrolled, clinical data recorded, and hair nicotine measured as an objective surrogate of SHSe. Fecal samples were collected at clinic visits and bacteriome 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed. Results SHSe was associated with increased alpha diversity and increased relative abundance of Acinetobacter and Akkermansia, along with decreased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Recent antibiotic exposure predicted bacterial population structure in children less than 2 years of age and was associated with decreased Bacteroides relative abundance. Age was the strongest predictor of overall fecal bacterial composition and positively associated with Blautia and Parabacteroides. Weight for length was negatively associated with Staphylococcus relative abundance. Conclusions SHSe and other external factors such as antibiotics appear to alter fecal bacterial composition in young CF children, but the strongest predictor of overall composition was age. These findings have implications for understanding the intestinal microbiome in young CF children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and environmental exposures influence the fecal bacteriome of young children with cystic fibrosis

Loman

Shrestha

Thompson

et al. 2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…Hair was obtained following a standardised protocol (see online data supplement). 23 Samples were processed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection as described 22. Lower limits of detection (0.1 ng/mg) may distinguish poorly SHSe from no exposure,24 therefore we selected a more conservative cut-off (1.0 ng/mg) to dichotomize groups into (+) and (−) SHSe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondhand smoke alters arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammation in infants and children with cystic fibrosis

Kopp

Thompson

Kim

et al. 2019

Thorax

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BackgroundMechanisms that facilitate early infection and inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) are unclear. We previously demonstrated that children with CF and parental-reported secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) have increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. SHSe hinders arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites that mediate immune function in patients without CF, and may influence CF immune dysfunction. We aimed to define SHSe’s impact on inflammation mediators and infection in children with CF.MethodsSeventy-seven children with CF <10 years of age (35 infants <1 year; 42 children 1–10 years) were enrolled and hair nicotine concentrations measured as an objective surrogate of SHSe. AA signalling by serum and macrophage lipidomics, inflammation using blood transcriptional profiles and in vitro macrophage responses to bacterial infection after SHSe were assessed.ResultsHair nicotine concentrations were elevated in 63% of patients. Of the AA metabolites measured by plasma lipidomics, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) concentrations were decreased in children with CF exposed to SHSe, and associated with more frequent hospitalisations (p=0.007) and worsened weight z scores (p=0.008). Children with CF exposed to SHSe demonstrated decreased expression of the prostaglandin genes PTGES3 and PTGR2 and overexpression of inflammatory pathways. These findings were confirmed using an in vitro model, where SHSe was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in PGD2 and increased methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus survival in human CF macrophages.ConclusionsInfants and young children with CF and SHSe have altered AA metabolism and dysregulated inflammatory gene expression resulting in impaired bacterial clearance. Our findings identified potential therapeutic targets to halt early disease progression associated with SHSe in the young population with CF.

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“…There have been few studies focusing on preschool children, infants, and toddlers, in particular, who spend a lot of time at home with parents who are smokers, and may have longer exposure times and higher exposure levels to ETS. A recent cross-sectional study on 139 children aged 2−5 years showed that high cotinine levels were associated with an increase in various cardiovascular risk factors, including hs-CRP, a finding which has been confirmed in adults [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Home and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Three-to-Five-Year-Old Children

Kang

Kim

Chang

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Exposure to harmful environmental factors is particularly detrimental to younger children. We investigated the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in pre-schoolers at home and the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a predictive factor for cardiovascular disease. This study was conducted in 2014 and was based on the data of preschool children from the Korean Environmental Health Survey in Children and Adolescents (2012 to 2014), a nationally representative sample. Of 577 children, aged three to five years, 482 were eventually selected for the analysis after excluding those with missing variables, or whose hs-CRP level exceeded the reference value. The proportion of pre-school children exposed to ETS at home was 14.8%. The odd ratios (OR)s of hs-CRP > 1mg/L were 4.90 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.04–23.17) and 11.66 (95% CI = 1.90–71.65) in the groups exposed to ETS 3–4 times and ≥5 times daily, respectively, compared to the non-exposed group. The risk of elevated levels of hs-CRP showed an increasing trend proportionally to the increase in ETS exposure frequency (p for trend = 0.03). Anti-smoking educational programs for parents and guardians may be helpful to reduce ETS exposure at home.

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Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Preclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Toddlers

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Age and environmental exposures influence the fecal bacteriome of young children with cystic fibrosis

Age and environmental exposures influence the fecal bacteriome of young children with cystic fibrosis

Secondhand smoke alters arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammation in infants and children with cystic fibrosis

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Home and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Three-to-Five-Year-Old Children

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