Effects of feeding time on daily rhythms of neuropeptide and clock gene expression in the rat hypothalamus

Wang, Dawei; Opperhuizen, Anne-Loes; Reznick, Jane; Turner, Nigel; Su, Yan; Cooney, Gregory J.; Kalsbeek, Andries

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.006

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Additionally, organotypic ARC cultures from the Per1‐luc rat exhibited peak Per1 transcription in the ARC at ~ZT 14 (Abe et al., ). This result is consistent with population sampling experiments of Per1/2 mRNA expression in the ARC that showed peaks in the early night (Wang et al., , but see also Kriegsfeld, Korets, & Silver, ). Interestingly, clock gene rhythmicity is lost in the ARC of nocturnal animals with food access only during the day (Wang et al., ).…”

Section: Diencephalon: Dorsomedial Hypothalamus (Dmh) Ventromedial Hsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This result is consistent with population sampling experiments of Per1/2 mRNA expression in the ARC that showed peaks in the early night (Wang et al., , but see also Kriegsfeld, Korets, & Silver, ). Interestingly, clock gene rhythmicity is lost in the ARC of nocturnal animals with food access only during the day (Wang et al., ). In rats, Per1 is expressed in some but not all dopaminergic neurons (Sellix et al., ).…”

Section: Diencephalon: Dorsomedial Hypothalamus (Dmh) Ventromedial Hsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain

Paul

Davis

Goode

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Twenty‐four‐hour rhythmicity in physiology and behavior are driven by changes in neurophysiological activity that vary across the light–dark and rest‐activity cycle. Although this neural code is most prominent in neurons of the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, there are many other regions in the brain where region‐specific function and behavioral rhythmicity may be encoded by changes in electrical properties of those neurons. In this review, we explore the existing evidence for molecular clocks and/or neurophysiological rhythms (i.e., 24 hr) in brain regions outside the SCN. In addition, we highlight the brain regions that are ripe for future investigation into the critical role of circadian rhythmicity for local oscillators. For example, the cerebellum expresses rhythmicity in over 2,000 gene transcripts, and yet we know very little about how circadian regulation drives 24‐hr changes in the neural coding responsible for motor coordination. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how our understanding of circadian regulation of electrical properties may yield insight into disease mechanisms which may lead to novel chronotherapeutic strategies in the future.

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Section: Diencephalon: Dorsomedial Hypothalamus (Dmh) Ventromedial Hsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Diencephalon: Dorsomedial Hypothalamus (Dmh) Ventromedial Hsupporting

confidence: 89%

Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain

Paul

Davis

Goode

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Daily expression of mRNA coding for other hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in food intake (ie, Npy and Pomc ) did not display changes that could account for increased daytime food intake, except possibly the trend for enhanced expression of Npy mRNA in GKO mice during late night. The lack of daily fluctuations of Npy and Pomc expression in the hypothalamus has been already reported in rodents . In BKO mice, the disappearance of the circadian rhythm in food intake is mainly caused by an increased number of meals and eating bouts, during subjective daytime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Expression of the clock gene Rev‐erbα in the brain controls the circadian organisation of food intake and locomotor activity, but not daily variations of energy metabolism

Sen

Dumont

Sage-Ciocca

et al. 2018

J Neuroendocrinology

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The nuclear receptor REV-ERBα is part of the molecular clock mechanism and is considered to be involved in a variety of biological processes within metabolically active peripheral tissues as well. To investigate whether Rev-erbα (also known as Nr1d1) in the brain plays a role in the daily variations of energy metabolism, feeding behaviour and the sleep-wake cycle, we studied mice with global (GKO) or brain (BKO) deletion of Rev-erbα. Mice were studied both in a light/dark cycle and in constant darkness, and then 24-hour variations of Respiratory quotient (RQ) and energy expenditure, as well as the temporal patterns of rest-activity and feeding behaviour, were recorded. The RQ increase of GKO mice was not detected in BKO animals, indicating a peripheral origin for this metabolic alteration. Arrhythmic patterns of locomotor activity were only found in BKO mice. By contrast, the circadian rhythm of food intake was lost both in GKO and BKO mice, mostly by increasing the number of daytime meals. These changes in the circadian pattern of feeding behaviour were, to some extent, correlated with a loss of rhythmicity of hypothalamic Hcrt (also named Orx) mRNA levels. Taken together, these findings highlight that Rev-erbα in the brain is involved in the temporal partitioning of feeding and sleep, whereas its effects on energy metabolism are mainly exerted through its peripheral expression. K E Y W O R D Scircadian rhythm, clock gene, energy expenditure, feeding behaviour, hypothalamus, Nr1d1 | INTRODUCTIONDaily variations of behavioural and metabolic processes, such as the sleep-wake cycle and feeding-fasting rhythm, are controlled by a network of circadian clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. In mammals, the main circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, and is mostly reset by light perceived by the retina. 1,2Secondary clocks present in other cerebral regions and peripheral organs (eg, liver, muscle and pancreas) are adjusted in phase by the suprachiasmatic clock via the autonomic nervous system and endocrine signals. 3,4The secondary clocks can also be shifted by behavioural factors, such as food intake. 5,6 The molecular clockwork is based on autoregulatory transcriptional/translational feedback loops that generate rhythmic transcriptional activity with an approximately 24-hour period. In this network, two transcriptional activators, CLOCK and BMAL1, stimulate the expression of Period (Per1-3) and Cryptochrome (Cry1,2) genes, whose proteins in turn can repress the CLOCK-BMAL1 transactivation. 7 In addition to these main components, the nuclear receptors Ror(α,β,γ) and -erb(α,β) compete to activate and repress, respectively, the transcription of Bmal1 and Clock, thereby reinforcing the robustness of circadian oscillations. [8][9][10] The amplitude of the circadian oscillations is further enhanced by targeted degradation of REV-ERBα. Besides its role in the internal timing system, REV-ERBα is also in- Feeding behaviour is strongly organised in time at both ultradian (ie, meal)...

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“…The ARC is a critical region for the control of homeostasis. Despite robust rhythmicity in vitro, the ARC loses clock gene oscillations when food is restricted to the daytime in nocturnal animals . Genetic disruption of the SCN clock does not completely eliminate rhythmic dopamine release in the ARC indicating a semi‐autonomous clock machinery .…”

Section: Brain Clocks Outside the Scnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, many studies investigated the effect of timing of food intake on the ARC oscillator. Clock gene expression in the ARC responds to meal timing . Rhythmic clock gene expression in neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons of the ARC suggested that prolactin secretion might be under the control of the ARC oscillator .…”

Section: Functional Studies Of Extra‐scn Oscillatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation and function of extra‐SCN circadian oscillators in the brain

2020

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Most organisms evolved endogenous, so called circadian clocks as internal timekeeping mechanisms allowing them to adapt to recurring changes in environmental demands brought about by 24-hour rhythms such as the light-dark cycle, temperature variations or changes in humidity. The mammalian circadian clock system is based on cellular oscillators found in all tissues of the body that are organized in a hierarchical fashion. A master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes peripheral tissue clocks and extra-SCN oscillators in the brain with each other and with external time. Different time cues (so called Zeitgebers) such as light, food intake, activity and hormonal signals reset the clock system through the SCN or by direct action at the tissue clock level. While most studies on non-SCN clocks so far have focused on peripheral tissues, several extra-SCN central oscillators were characterized in terms of circadian rhythm regulation and output. Some of them are directly innervated by the SCN pacemaker, while others receive indirect input from the SCN via other neural circuits or extra-brain structures. The specific physiological function of these non-SCN brain oscillators as well as their role in the regulation of the circadian clock network remains understudied. In this review we summarize our current knowledge about the regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in different brain regions and devise experimental approaches enabling us to unravel the organization of the circadian clock network in the central nervous system. K E Y W O R D S brain, circadian clock, clock gene, CNS, entrainment 2 of 14 | BEGEMANN Et Al.major depression or cardiovascular disorders are promoted by chronodisruption, that is, the perturbation of internal clock function or of the alignment of these clocks with external time. 4 Besides shift work, other chronodisruptive factors are sleep curtailment, high-energy diets or mistimed eating patterns, and nocturnal light pollution. 5,6 Resetting stimuli (eg light)Resetting stimuli (eg PUFAs) Resetting stimuli (eg NO/CO) RORE D-box E-box CLOCK BMAL1 REV-ERBs RORs DBP NFIL3 PERs CRYs CCGsHow to cite this article: Begemann K, Neumann A-M, Oster H. Regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in the brain. Acta Physiol.

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Effects of feeding time on daily rhythms of neuropeptide and clock gene expression in the rat hypothalamus

Cited by 32 publications

References 74 publications

Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain

Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain

Expression of the clock gene Rev‐erbα in the brain controls the circadian organisation of food intake and locomotor activity, but not daily variations of energy metabolism

Regulation and function of extra‐SCN circadian oscillators in the brain

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