Effect of a professional soccer match in skin temperature of the lower limbs: a case study

Fernandes, Alex de Andrade; Pimenta, Eduardo Mendonça; Moreira, Danilo Gomes; Quintana, Manuel Sillero; Marins, João Carlos Bouzas; Morandi, Rodrigo Figueiredo; Kanope, Tane; Garcia, Emerson Silami

doi:10.12965/jer.1734934.467

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Fernandes et al [2] studied the T sk changes after a professional football match of the Brazilian championship of the First National Division. The T sk 24 hours after the game ranged from 2.0 °C to 2.5°C higher in the posterior area of the thighs than before the game.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this process, an acute local inflammatory response is triggered involving the release of different cytokines, migration of neutrophils to the trauma areas, and the release of certain agents into the damaged fibers to attract macrophages that ingest and digest the dead tissue, promoting temperature increase [2]. In this sense, studies have match could be attributed to the inflammatory process, since the results of creatine kinase tests were also elevated 24 h after the game.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com demonstrated a significant increase in t sk assessed through IRT after physical effort, which could be an indicator of muscular wear, evidencing the athlete's physical exhaustion [2,3].…”

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DiscussionThe acute inflammatory response presented after soccer matches results in the appearance of some cardinal signals produced by the organism such as: heat, redness, pain and swelling [4]. The redirection of arterial blood flow to the exercised muscle generates a higher muscle temperature and a greater local cutaneous vasodilation.

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Application of Infrared Thermography in the Assessment of Muscle Damage in Elite Soccer Athletes

Fernandes¹

2017

MOJOR

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Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com demonstrated a significant increase in t sk assessed through IRT after physical effort, which could be an indicator of muscular wear, evidencing the athlete's physical exhaustion [2,3]. DiscussionThe acute inflammatory response presented after soccer matches results in the appearance of some cardinal signals produced by the organism such as: heat, redness, pain and swelling [4]. The redirection of arterial blood flow to the exercised muscle generates a higher muscle temperature and a greater local cutaneous vasodilation. This process is followed by a sensation of perceived heat, as well as the redness due to the greater number of erythrocytes that transited in the affected area [4]. In addition, during the inflammatory process, the blood flow velocity is reduced, which allows the interaction of circulating cells with endothelial cells expressing surface molecules capable of binding to leukocytes [5]. It is also important to note that during exercise and post-exercise there is a release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 that can remain elevated for a period of 24-48 hours [6], and concomitantly act as endogenous pyrogens, thus contributing to the increase of the internal temperature [5].Considering the factors that trigger the inflammatory process, which consequently alter the skin temperature, it has been proposed the assessment of skin temperature through IRT as an indirect way of measuring muscle damage caused by different types of exercise, especially those with eccentric characteristics. Therefore, the use of IRT can be used as a noninvasive way of measuring body's responses (heat) to the inflammatory process, and can provide valuable information about how the external load was assimilated by the athlete. Therefore, it would be important to study the potential of this strategy for controlling the training load of high performance athletes [7].It is important to emphasize that muscular and cutaneous vasodilatation lead to increased blood flow in the exercised limb. However this is not the only reason for the increase in T sk . In fact, the highest blood supply during exercise, with arterial blood at a higher temperature in muscle and skin, is the main factor that promotes the increase of T sk . For example, in resting conditions, the expected blood temperature range is 36.8-37.9 °C [8] and consequently the displacement of this blood flow at a higher temperature in exercised subjects will result in a higher muscle and skin temperatures [9]. Fernandes et al.[2] studied the T sk changes after a professional football match of the Brazilian championship of the First National Division. The T sk 24 hours after the game ranged from 2.0 °C to 2.5°C higher in the posterior area of the thighs than before the game. However, no evidence of injury was identified by the medical staff. Therefore, the authors concluded that the increase of T sk after the AbstractThe participation in a soccer match may result in a large number of microinjuries leading to a number ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Application of Infrared Thermography in the Assessment of Muscle Damage in Elite Soccer Athletes

Fernandes¹

2017

MOJOR

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“…Although this study did not find thermal asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant limbs, it draws attention to the higher skin temperature in the tibial region on both sides compared to the quadriceps, both before and after the test. A study by Fernandes et al 28 verified the effect of a soccer match on the skin temperature of the lower limbs, and observed that 24 hours after the match, there was an average increase of 2.2ºC, together with a 561% increase in creatine kinase (CK), in comparison to the pre-match values, which indicates micro muscle injuries. These results show that there may be a relationship between skin temperature increase in the tibial region and the activity of enzymes related to injury and/or inflammation, suggesting greater mechanical stress on this region that is responsible for stabilizing the ankle joint, especially when performing eccentric actions, which are prevalent in soccer and sprints, as is the case of the displacement speed test 29 .…”

Section: Moments Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute Effect of Speed Test on the Skin Temperature of Elite Soccer Players

Pinheiro

Tuono

Vieira

et al. 2021

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction Infrared thermography has been used in several areas, mainly in sports training, and specifically in soccer. Objectives The objectives of the study were to verify the acute effect of a displacement speed test on the skin temperature of elite female soccer players, to observe pre- and post-test thermal asymmetries, and to compare responses in the anterior and posterior regions of lower limbs. Methods Cross-sectional study that evaluated 17 soccer players of the 2018 Brazilian Championship. They were submitted to thermography before and 10 minutes after performing the displacement speed test. Thermographic images were collected using a FLIR® model 8 thermal imager and changes in skin temperature in the anterior and posterior regions of the lower limbs were analyzed, according to the areas of interest. Descriptive statistics were performed and mean and standard deviation of the temperatures of the areas of interest were analyzed. The normality of the data was verified, and then the Student’s t test for normal paired and independent samples and the Mann-Whitney test for non-normal samples were conducted, with p <0.05 being adopted for significance level. Results It was possible to observe that after the test there was an increase in skin temperature in all the regions analyzed, both on the dominant and non-dominant sides (p <0.05). Regarding the analysis of the anterior region, it was possible to observe a higher temperature (p <0.05) in the region of the tibial muscles than in the region of the quadriceps muscles. Conclusion It is concluded that thermography helps to understand the thermal responses of lower limbs after applying the displacement speed test. The study shows that thermographic evaluation can guide the organization of the training session when motor tests have previously been applied, and in the detection of abnormal overloads, helping to prevent injuries. Level of evidence IV; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.

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