Iris structure and minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia

Trixler, Dániel; Tényi, Tamás

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.004

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This study carried out a comparison of iris surface features between schizophrenics and healthy individuals, and analyzed the correlation between iris characteristics and the severity of symptoms, particularly with regard to impulsive behavior in patients with first-episode untreated schizophrenia. The results revealed significant differences in the frequency of iris crypts and pigment spots between the case group and healthy controls, which was consistent with the findings of Daniel Trixler et al 32 In other words, the frequency of pigment spots was higher in schizophrenic patients than in healthy controls. However, no significant correlation was found between iris wrinkles and subjects in the case group or the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although the exact mechanism of these phenomena is unclear, we speculated that these phenomena may be related to polymorphisms in genes that regulate both eye and brain developments, such as Pax6, Six3, and Sema3A, and the mutation of these genes can lead to brain abnormalities. 7 Furthermore, the pathological changes in the iris and brain are parallel: 32 who had crypts on their iris, the brain MRI detected abnormal gray matter structure in the anterior cingulate gyrus, cerebellum, and middle temporal lobe. 35–38 Similarly, Heyman et al 21 found a higher incidence of mental illness and more obvious behavioral abnormalities in individuals with ocular structural abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Kent et al 31 found that among hospitalized schizophrenic patients, the mixed iris pigmentation patients accounted for the highest proportion. Compared with healthy people, Trixler et al 32 found a higher rate of pigment spots, concentric furrows, and Wolfflin nodules in the iris structure of schizophrenic patients. He further speculated that a denser iris is expected more in healthy individuals, meaning low number of Fuchs crypts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Correlation Between Iris Characteristics and Schizophrenia

Tian

Duan

et al. 2022

NDT

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Background Recently, researchers have conducted many studies on the potential contribution of the retina and other eye structures on schizophrenia. This study aimed to evaluate differences in iris characteristics between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals so as to find more easily accessible and easily measurable biomarkers with a view to improving clinical assessments and furthering our understanding of the disease. Methods Overall, 80 patients with schizophrenia and 52 healthy individuals were included in the case group and the control group, respectively. Iris images were collected from all subjects to compare differences in the structure and color of the iris. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms and characteristics of 45 first-episode untreated schizophrenics, and analyzed correlations between iris characteristics and schizophrenia symptoms. Results There were significant differences in iris crypts ( P <0.05) and pigment spots ( P <0.01) between the case and control group, but no significant difference was found in iris wrinkles ( P <0.05). The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the total iris crypts [odds ratio (OR) 1.166, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.330] and total iris pigment spots (OR 1.815, 95% CI 1.186–2.775) increased the risk of suffering from schizophrenia. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the number of iris crypts was positively associated with the MOAS score (r=0.474, P <0.01). Moreover, the number of the iris pigment spots (r=0.395, P <0.01) and wrinkles (r=0.309, P <0.05) were positively correlated with the subjects’ negative symptom scores, respectively. Conclusion Iris crypts and pigment spots were identified as potential biomarkers for detecting schizophrenia. In patients with first-episode untreated schizophrenia, iris characteristics may help psychiatrists to identify the illness and its severity, and to detect characteristic clinical symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Correlation Between Iris Characteristics and Schizophrenia

Tian

Duan

et al. 2022

NDT

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“…Other specific iris structures, e.g., Fuchs’ crypts, pigment spots, and Wolfflin nodules, have been significantly associated with temperamental personality traits ( Larsson et al, 2007 ), Down syndrome ( Postolache and Parsa, 2018 ) or schizophrenia ( Trixler and Tényi, 2017 ; Tian et al, 2022 ). No study has explored DM, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and the behavioral approach system (BAS) regarding the iris structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispositional mindfulness and BIS/BAS up-close: can the self-regulation of people be seen in the eyes?

Valachová

Lisá

2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionPigmentation in animal models is related to behavioral regulation and development, suggesting that both may belong to the same biological system. However, such models are poorly documented in humans. The current study explored personality and group differences in self-regulation among healthy subjects and their specific eye structures (contraction furrows and pigment spots). Three objectives were proposed: to analyze statistical differences in dispositional mindfulness (DM), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and behavioral approach system (BAS) among subjects with a specific iris type of contraction furrows and pigment spots.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 194 university students. One month after taking photographs of their eyes, the students completed the online scales of DM, BIS, and BAS.ResultsDM was negatively related to pigment spots (rs = −0.193; p < 0.01). Cluster analysis of the iris structures converged at a four-cluster solution. The cluster types 2 (absence of pigment spots and contraction furrows extending 8/10 of iris circle or more) and 3 (one or more pigment spots and contraction furrows extending 8/10 of iris circle or more) significantly differed in DM with a small effect size (F = 3.37; p = 0.021; η2 = 0.051). Participants with contraction furrows (8/10 or more circle extent) and without pigment spots had a significantly higher DM than those with pigment spots. No significant differences existed among the iris types in BIS/BAS.DiscussionFuture research directions are suggested.

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“…In contrast phenogenetic variants are quantitative defects of final morphogenesis and arise after organogenesis” (9,224.pp.). Using a list of MPAs containing 57 minor signs evaluated by Méhes ( 2 ), previously we have studied the prevalence of minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, alcohol dependence, Tourette syndrome, major depression and among the healthy relatives of patients with schizophrenia ( 3 , 6 , 8 – 10 , 14 – 16 ), and the list and definitions has become also acceptable for researchers ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Prevalence of Minor Physical Anomalies Among the Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Bipolar I Patients – Results With the Méhes Scale

et al. 2021

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Minor physical anomalies are somatic markers of aberrant neurodevelopment, so the higher prevalence of these signs among the relatives of bipolar I patients can confirm minor physical anomalies as endophenotypes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of minor physical anomalies in first-degree healthy relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder compared to normal control subjects. Using a list of 57 minor physical anomalies (the Méhes Scale), 20 first-degree unaffected relatives of patients with the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder and as a comparison 20 matched normal control subjects were examined. Minor physical anomalies were more common in the ear, head, mouth and trunk regions among the relatives of bipolar I patients compared to normal controls. By the differentiation of minor malformations and phenogenetic variants, we have found that both minor malformations and phenogenetic variants were more common among the relatives of bipolar I patients compared to the control group, while individual analyses showed, that one minor malformation (sole crease) and one phenogenetic variant (high arched palate) were more prevalent in the relative group. This is the first report in literature on the increased prevalence of minor physical anomalies among the first-degree unaffected relatives of bipolar I patients. The study support the concept, that minor physical anomalies can be endophenotypic markers of bipolar I affective disorder.

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Iris structure and minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Study on the Correlation Between Iris Characteristics and Schizophrenia

Study on the Correlation Between Iris Characteristics and Schizophrenia

Dispositional mindfulness and BIS/BAS up-close: can the self-regulation of people be seen in the eyes?

Increased Prevalence of Minor Physical Anomalies Among the Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Bipolar I Patients – Results With the Méhes Scale

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