Pick‐and‐Place Assembly of Single Microtubules

Tarhan, Mehmet C.; Yokokawa, Ryuji; Jalabert, Laurent; Collard, Dominique; Fujita, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1002/smll.201701136

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“… Because of their small size and weak interaction with the electric field, the microtubules are superior actuators in this application compared to the tip of an atomic force microscope. Kinesin-propelled microtubules have been previously used for topographical mapping, , but the work of Gross et al added the mapping of electric fields and the work of Inoue et al demonstrated the mapping of surface strain. , An alternative configuration is the use of immobilized microtubules in ordered arrays (e.g., created by pick-and-place assembly), supporting the bidirectional transport and assembly of cargo by kinesins and myosins …”

Section: Linear Biomolecular Motors Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Systems Powered by Biological Molecular Motors

2019

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Biological molecular motors (or biomolecular motors for short) are nature’s solution to the efficient conversion of chemical energy to mechanical movement. In biological systems, these fascinating molecules are responsible for movement of molecules, organelles, cells, and whole animals. In engineered systems, these motors can potentially be used to power actuators and engines, shuttle cargo to sensors, and enable new computing paradigms. Here, we review the progress in the past decade in the integration of biomolecular motors into hybrid nanosystems. After briefly introducing the motor proteins kinesin and myosin and their associated cytoskeletal filaments, we review recent work aiming for the integration of these biomolecular motors into actuators, sensors, and computing devices. In some systems, the creation of mechanical work and the processing of information become intertwined at the molecular scale, creating a fascinating type of “active matter”. We discuss efforts to optimize biomolecular motor performance, construct new motors combining artificial and biological components, and contrast biomolecular motors with current artificial molecular motors. A recurrent theme in the work of the past decade was the induction and utilization of collective behavior between motile systems powered by biomolecular motors, and we discuss these advances. The exertion of external control over the motile structures powered by biomolecular motors has remained a topic of many studies describing exciting progress. Finally, we review the current limitations and challenges for the construction of hybrid systems powered by biomolecular motors and try to ascertain if there are theoretical performance limits. Engineering with biomolecular motors has the potential to yield commercially viable devices, but it also sharpens our understanding of the design problems solved by evolution in nature. This increased understanding is valuable for synthetic biology and potentially also for medicine.

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Section: Linear Biomolecular Motors Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Systems Powered by Biological Molecular Motors

2019

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“…This presents a further advancement to our previous study (showing three beads and three connected MTs). Other studies achieved a similar kind of complexity when constructing artificial MT networks, but either lack the same flexibility during construction of the micro-electromechanical system tweezers (27)) and/or the fast force-probing modality in the kHz range (3), enabled by BFP interferometry with timeshared optical tweezers.…”

Section: Construction Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts of constructing MT networks by other groups ran into similar limitations regarding fluorescence-based microscopy. These approaches involve holographic optical tweezers (3) and micro-electromechanical system tweezers (27) for the construction process, used mainly to investigate molecular motor transport at MT junctions. We use time-multiplexed optical tweezers, which enable fast 3D BFP tracking of beads and analysis of the viscoelastic behavior of single MTs and networks at high frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-free Imaging and Bending Analysis of Microtubules by ROCS Microscopy and Optical Trapping

Koch

2018

Biophysical Journal

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Mechanical manipulation of single cytoskeleton filaments and their monitoring over long times is difficult because of fluorescence bleaching or phototoxic protein degradation. The integration of label-free microscopy techniques, capable of imaging freely diffusing, weak scatterers such as microtubules (MTs) in real-time, and independent of their orientation, with optical trapping and tracking systems, would allow many new applications. Here, we show that rotating-coherent-scattering microscopy (ROCS) in dark-field mode can also provide strong contrast for structures far from the coverslip such as arrangements of isolated MTs and networks. We could acquire thousands of images over up to 30 min without loss in image contrast or visible photodamage. We further demonstrate the combination of ROCS imaging with fast and nanometer-precise 3D interferometric back-focal-plane tracking of multiple beads in time-shared optical traps using acoustooptic deflectors to specifically construct and microrheologically probe small microtubule networks with well-defined geometries. Thereby, we explore the frequency-dependent elastic response of single microtubule filaments between 0.5 Hz and 5 kHz, which allows for investigating their viscoelastic response up to the fourth-order bending mode. Our spectral analysis reveals constant filament stiffness at low frequencies and frequency-dependent stiffening following a power law ∼ω with a length-dependent exponent p(L). We find further evidence for the dependence of the MT persistence length on the contour length L, which is still controversially debated. We could also demonstrate slower stiffening at high frequencies for longer filaments, which we believe is determined by the molecular architecture of the MT. Our results shed new light on the nanomechanics of this essential, multifunctional cytoskeletal element and pose new questions about the adaptability of the cytoskeleton.

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“…Various methods for realizing 3D assembly of microcomponents have been reported and can be generally divided into contact-based and contactless manipulation approaches. Contact-based assembly methods typically comprise two categories: (I) serial pick-and-place manipulation using micro-grippers or probes [7][8][9][10][11] and (II) parallel transfer printing 12,13 . The former can be used for handling objects with dimensions in the millimeter to nanometer range, but suffers from efficiency and scalability, whereas the latter typically do not allow vertical lifting of the transferred components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical integration of microchips by magnetic assembly and edge wire bonding

et al. 2020

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The out-of-plane integration of microfabricated planar microchips into functional three-dimensional (3D) devices is a challenge in various emerging MEMS applications such as advanced biosensors and flow sensors. However, no conventional approach currently provides a versatile solution to vertically assemble sensitive or fragile microchips into a separate receiving substrate and to create electrical connections. In this study, we present a method to realize vertical magnetic-field-assisted assembly of discrete silicon microchips into a target receiving substrate and subsequent electrical contacting of the microchips by edge wire bonding, to create interconnections between the receiving substrate and the vertically oriented microchips. Vertical assembly is achieved by combining carefully designed microchip geometries for shape matching and striped patterns of the ferromagnetic material (nickel) on the backside of the microchips, enabling controlled vertical lifting directionality independently of the microchip's aspect ratio. To form electrical connections between the receiving substrate and a vertically assembled microchip, featuring standard metallic contact electrodes only on its frontside, an edge wire bonding process was developed to realize ball bonds on the top sidewall of the vertically placed microchip. The top sidewall features silicon trenches in correspondence to the frontside electrodes, which induce deformation of the free air balls and result in both mechanical ball bond fixation and around-the-edge metallic connections. The edge wire bonds are realized at room temperature and show minimal contact resistance (<0.2 Ω) and excellent mechanical robustness (>168 mN in pull tests). In our approach, the microchips and the receiving substrate are independently manufactured using standard silicon micromachining processes and materials, with a subsequent heterogeneous integration of the components. Thus, this integration technology potentially enables emerging MEMS applications that require 3D out-of-plane assembly of microchips.

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Pick‐and‐Place Assembly of Single Microtubules

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Synthetic Systems Powered by Biological Molecular Motors

Synthetic Systems Powered by Biological Molecular Motors

Label-free Imaging and Bending Analysis of Microtubules by ROCS Microscopy and Optical Trapping

Vertical integration of microchips by magnetic assembly and edge wire bonding

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