Flexural Deformity of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Caldwell, Fred

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2017.03.003

Cited by 10 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“… 8 9 12 Lateral to medial view radiographs of the foot in DIPFD are useful to estimate the disorders of DIPJ alignment and angle of the dorsal hoof wall. 9 11 14 16 The present study is the first radiographic analysis of MPFD in calves. Accordingly, the metacarpal bone and phalanx axes were established by reference to radiographs of flexural deformities in foals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In MPFD and DIPFD of horses, the characteristic morphology of affected limbs in severe cases has been used for diagnosis. 9–11 Treatment guidelines for MPFD in horses are based on the angle of the fetlock, and treatment guidelines for DIPFD in foals are based on the angle of the dorsal hoof wall relative to the ground. The surgical options including desmotomy and/or tenotomy are determined based on the angle of the deformity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the metacarpal bone and phalanx axes were established by reference to radiographs of flexural deformities in foals. 9 11 14 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 12 13 In contrast, DIPFD involves only the DDFT. 9 12 13 For identification of the pathogenic origin in such cases, radiography is useful for assessing joint disorders and their prognoses. 7 8 11 14–16 Lateral to medial and 45°–60° dorsopalmar views of the foot are used for the diagnosis of DIPFD and MPFD in foals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic analysis of the angle in the lateromedial projection of the metacarpophalangeal joint and the distal interphalangeal joint in metacarpophalangeal flexural deformities in calves

Sato

Ishii

Tajima

2018

Veterinary Record Open

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The bone alignment of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MPJ) of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) in metacarpophalangeal flexural deformity (MPFD) in calves was evaluated by radiography. This study was designed by retrospective study of radiographs. Lateral to medial radiographs of distal forelimbs were taken from 19 MPFD affected calves (35 forelimbs) and 21 normal calves (42 forelimbs). Based on the radiographs, the lateral angles of MPJ were measured from the metacarpal bone axis and proximal phalanx axis, and lateral angles of DIPJ were measured from the middle phalanx axis and distal phalanx axis. Mean lateral angle of MPJ in the normal limbs was 175.9 (95% CI 174.5 to 177.4). Mean lateral angles of MPJ in MPFD were as follows: mild: 167.1 (158.9–175.2), moderate: 165.1 (158.5–171.7) and severe: 150.6 (146–155.1). MPJ angle in MPFD limbs was narrower than that in the normal limbs (mild, moderate and severe: P=0.017, P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). Mean lateral angle of DIPJ in the normal limbs was 211.9 (210.7–213.2). Mean lateral angles of DIPJ in moderate: 200.6 (195.2–206.1) and severe: 204.9 (203.3–206.5) MPFD were narrower than that in the normal limbs (both P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the normal limbs and mild: 210.3 (206.9–213.7) MPFD limbs (P=0.7). The clinical severity of MPFD corresponded well with the lateral angle of MPJ. The flexion of DIPJ in moderate and severe MPFD was similar to the flexion of MPJ in MPFD. This suggested that the lateral to medial radiographs accurately reflected the MPJ flexion and the DIPJ in MPFD in calves, providing useful information for the treatment of MPFD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the metacarpal bone and phalanx axes were established by reference to radiographs of flexural deformities in foals. 9 11 14 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic analysis of the angle in the lateromedial projection of the metacarpophalangeal joint and the distal interphalangeal joint in metacarpophalangeal flexural deformities in calves

Sato

Ishii

Tajima

2018

Veterinary Record Open

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“…carpal, metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints) and are characterised by abnormal flexion of a given joint or all involved joints and the inability to extend the joint. Proposed aetiologies of congenital flexural deformities include mal‐positioning of the fetus in utero, nutritional mismanagement of the mare during gestation, teratogens in various forages ingested by the mare and maternal exposure to influenza virus; it is also possible that the deformities could be genetic in origin (Hunt ; Caldwell , ). Treatment of foals with a congenital flexural deformity varies with the severity and location of the deformity.…”

Section: Flexural Deformitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farriery for the foal: A review part 2: Therapeutic farriery

O'Grady

2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary The extensive nature of this topic warrants this review paper to be divided into two parts: ‘Basic trimming in foals’ and ‘Therapeutic farriery in foals’. Management of the feet and limbs during this juvenile period will often dictate the success of the foal as a sales yearling or mature sound athlete. Overall hoof care in the foal is often a joint venture between the veterinarian and the farrier. The orthopaedic disorders discussed in this paper that require input from the two professions are flexural limb deformities (FLD) and angular limb deformities (ALD). The concept of protecting the foot from the deleterious effects of mal‐loading created by many FLDs and ALDs is just as important as using the symptomatology as an instrument to correct the deformity. This paper presents a review of the current information regarding the farriery for these two limb deformities while dispelling some of the anecdotal methodology, such as the use of toe extensions to treat flexural deformities, that presently exists. Considering the deficiency of information in the literature, segments of this text will be based on the author's extensive clinical practice, comprehensive clinical records and comparisons of case outcomes.

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