Long-term and late treatment consequences: endocrine and metabolic effects

Han, Thang S.; Gleeson, Helena

doi:10.1097/spc.0000000000000289

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Muscle mass may be low or reduced for genetic reasons, and by inflammatory diseases as well as malnutrition. An association between impaired glucose tolerance and T2D with low SM has been shown previously in conditions with primary muscle loss or atrophy, such as immobility [24], muscular dystrophies, myopathies [25], cancer [26], or stroke [27], while low SM has also been shown to associate with hypertension [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Associations of BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and skeletal muscle with type 2 diabetes in adults

et al. 2019

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Aims Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to be associated with high BMI and waist circumference (WC). These measures do not discriminate well between skeletal muscle (SM) and body fat (BF), which may have opposite influences. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of population-based data from 58,128 aged 18–85 yrs from Scottish Health Surveys (2003, 2008–2011) and Health Surveys for England (2003–2006, 2008–2013), excluding pregnant women and insulin-treated diabetes. Logistic regression was used to assess associations of known T2D, and of screened HbA1c > 48 mmol/mol (> 6.5%), with sex-specific quintiles of BMI, WC, and BF% and SM% estimated by validated anthropometric equations, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, ethnicity, country, and survey year. Results As expected, ORs for having known T2D rose with quintiles of BMI (1, 1.5, 2.3, 3.1, and 6.5) and WC (1, 1.8, 2.5, 3.5, and 8.7). Compared to the lowest BF% quintile, OR for having T2D in highest BF% quintile was 11.1 (95% CI = 8.4–14.6). Compared to the highest SM% quintile, OR for having T2D in lowest SM% quintile was 2.0 (1.7–2.4). Of 72 adults with T2D/HbA1c > 6.5% in the lowest quintile of BF%, 27 (37.5%) were in quintile 1 of SM%. Similar patterns of OR were observed for having HbA1c > 6.5% in those without known T2D. Conclusions Estimated BF% associates strongly with T2D. Low SM% also has a significant association, suggesting a neglected aspect of aetiology within T2D. These two simple measures with biological relevance, available from data collected in most health surveys, may be more useful than the purely statistical terms BMI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Associations of BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and skeletal muscle with type 2 diabetes in adults

et al. 2019

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“…Not all, but most of these diseases, are grouped as metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia [55], as well as cancers of various tissues or endocrine diseases, such as hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism [56]. These diseases result from metabolic imbalance or the inability to maintain glucose homeostasis.…”

Section: Ages: Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) May Be a Striking Link Between Modern Diet and Health

et al. 2019

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The Maillard reaction is a simple but ubiquitous reaction that occurs both in vivo and ex vivo during the cooking or processing of foods under high-temperature conditions, such as baking, frying, or grilling. Glycation of proteins is a post-translational modification that forms temporary adducts, which, on further crosslinking and rearrangement, form permanent residues known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Cooking at high temperature results in various food products having high levels of AGEs. This review underlines the basis of AGE formation and their corresponding deleterious effects on the body. Glycated Maillard products have a direct association with the pathophysiology of some metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), acute renal failure (ARF), Alzheimer’s disease, dental health, allergies, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The most glycated and structurally abundant protein is collagen, which acts as a marker for diabetes and aging, where decreased levels indicate reduced skin elasticity. In diabetes, high levels of AGEs are associated with carotid thickening, ischemic heart disease, uremic cardiomyopathy, and kidney failure. AGEs also mimic hormones or regulate/modify their receptor mechanisms at the DNA level. In women, a high AGE diet directly correlates with high levels of androgens, anti-Müllerian hormone, insulin, and androstenedione, promoting ovarian dysfunction and/or infertility. Vitamin D3 is well-associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS and modulates steroidogenesis. It also exhibits a protective mechanism against the harmful effects of AGEs. This review elucidates and summarizes the processing of infant formula milk and the associated health hazards. Formulated according to the nutritional requirements of the newborn as a substitute for mother’s milk, formula milk is a rich source of primary adducts, such as carboxy-methyl lysine, which render an infant prone to inflammation, dementia, food allergies, and other diseases. We therefore recommend that understanding this post-translational modification is the key to unlocking the mechanisms and physiology of various metabolic syndromes.

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“…An increased risk of MetS is a well-recognized late effect after HSCT in childhood [23][24][25] and has been associated with the intensity of the conditioning regimen, but no previous study has investigated the potential additive role of the diet in the development of MetS in these patients. We here con rm an increased prevalence of MetS among young adults at a frequency comparable with that seen in the elderly background population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake and risk of metabolic syndrome in long-term survivors of pediatric allogeneic hema-topoietic stem cell transplantation

Müller,

Pedersen,

Gerbek

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a late effect of stem cell transplantation and has been ascribed to conditioning including total body irradiation (TBI), but the influence of lifestyle factors has not yet been studied. We explored the dietary intake and MetS in 85 long-term survivors (median age 30 years and median follow-up time 20 years). Results: Overall, the distribution of fatty acid deviated from the recommendations with a higher intake of saturated fat and a lower intake of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fat, and N-3 fatty acids, but was comparable to that of the background population. The prevalence of MetS was 27%, corresponding to that of the elderly background population. Both in the total cohort and within the subgroup treated with TBI we found a higher fat intake in patients with fulfilling MetS criteria (36.8E% [range: 27.2-51.2E%] versus 32.0E% [range: 24.6-42.1E%], (P = 0.013)). This was confirmed in a multivariate analysis adjusted for TBI, sex and age at follow-up (OR 1.20 (1.06–1.39) P = 0.008). Conclusion: Although comparable with the diet in the background population the intake of fat is a key factor for the occurrence of MetS in young TBI treated survivors. This highlights the importance of a reduced fat intake in survivors conditioned with TBI.

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Long-term and late treatment consequences: endocrine and metabolic effects

Abstract: Regular monitoring and early management of endocrine/metabolic disorders is required to prevent the elevated rates of health complications after cancer treatment, and thereby improve cancer survivorship.

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Associations of BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and skeletal muscle with type 2 diabetes in adults

Associations of BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and skeletal muscle with type 2 diabetes in adults

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) May Be a Striking Link Between Modern Diet and Health

Dietary intake and risk of metabolic syndrome in long-term survivors of pediatric allogeneic hema-topoietic stem cell transplantation

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