Pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftiofur crystalline free acid in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects following SC administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) in New Zealand White rabbits. ANIMALS 6 adult sexually intact female New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURES Each rabbit was administered 40 mg of CCFA/kg SC. A blood sample was obtained immediately before (0 minutes), at 5 and 30 minutes after, and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 95, 120, 144, and 168 hours after administration, and plasma concentrations of ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAE) were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. For each rabbit, body weight, food consumption, fecal output, and injection site were monitored. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftiofur for 293 bacterial isolates from rabbit clinical samples were determined. RESULTS Mean ± SD peak plasma concentration of CFAE and time to maximum plasma concentration were 33.13 ± 10.15 μg/mL and 1.75 ± 0.42 hours, respectively. The mean terminal half-life of CFAE was 42.6 ± 5.2 hours. Plasma CFAE concentration was > 4 μg/mL for approximately 24 hours and > 1 μg/mL for at least 72 hours after CCFA administration. An apparently nonpainful subcutaneous nodule developed at the injection site in 3 of 6 rabbits. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that CCFA (40 mg/kg) could be administered SC every 24 to 72 hours to New Zealand White rabbits to treat infections with ceftiofur-susceptible bacteria. Single-dose administration of CCFA resulted in minimal adverse effects. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the effects of repeated CCFA administration in New Zealand White rabbits.

A Bipartite Network Module-Based Project to Predict Pathogen–Host Association

“…Researchers have determined the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects following SC administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) in Oryctolagus cuniculus by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterium (Gardhouse et al, 2017). The 9 th -ranking confirmed pair is pathogen Enterococcus faecalis and host Homo sapiens.…”

Guide to ophthalmology in rabbits

“…Bacteroides species may be resistant to penicillin due to the presence of β‐lactamases; therefore, this may not be the medicine of choice where this agent is present (Gardhouse and others 2017a). It has been demonstrated that a sustained‐release formulation of the third‐generation cephalosporin ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid (CCFA) at 40 mg/kg could be safely administered to New Zealand white rabbits by subcutaneous injection (Gardhouse and others 2017b). CCFA reached and maintained a target minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 ug/ml for 24 hours and a target MIC of 1 ug/ml for 72 hours, prompting the suggestion that it could be administered to rabbits by subcutaneous injection every 24 to 72 hours to treat ceftiofur‐susceptible bacteria.…”

Pharmacokinetics of Single Intramuscular Administration of Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid in American Alligators (Alligator Mississippiensis)

“…Use of long-acting antibiotics are beneficial when working with nondomestic species as they decrease the frequency of handling, darting, or immobilization necessary to administer medications. The pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur have been evaluated in multiple exotic mammals, 2,10,20,23,24,32 avian species, 6,16,19,29,30,33,40,41,43 fish, 12,18 reptiles, 1,3,7,31 and an elasmobranch. 9 Pharmacokinetic studies of CCFA in reptiles are limited to the bearded dragon ( Pogona vitticeps ), 7 green iguana ( Iguana iguana ), 31 and ball python ( Python regius ).…”