Determinants of plasma donation: A review of the literature

Beurel, Antoine; Terrade, Florence; Lebaudy, Jean-Pierre; Danic, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2017.06.001

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, this previous research was not conducted with groups of people that were deferred from blood donation. As such, increasing the pool of GBM donors is not simply about refining the way donor requests are made or improving the donation environment (e.g., the "conviviality" of staff and blood collection agency personnel has been identified as a determinant of donation) [41] but rather a more fundamental issue: (re)building institutional trust with diverse GBM who have experienced existing policies as discriminatory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping Stones or Second Class Donors?: a qualitative analysis of gay, bisexual, and queer men’s perspectives on plasma donation policy in Canada

et al. 2021

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Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are not eligible to donate blood or plasma in Canada if they have had sex with another man in the last 3 months. This time-based deferment has reduced since 2013; from an initial lifetime ban, to five-years, one-year, and now three-months. Our previous research revealed that gay, bisexual, queer, and other MSM (GBM) supported making blood donation policies gender-neutral and behaviour-based. In this analysis, we explored the willingness of Canadian GBM to donate plasma, even if they were not eligible to donate blood. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 HIV-negative GBM in Vancouver (n = 15), Toronto (n = 13), and Montreal (n = 11), recruited from a large respondent-driven sampling study called Engage. Men received some basic information on plasma donation prior to answering questions. Transcripts were coded in NVivo following inductive thematic analysis. Results Many GBM expressed a general willingness to donate plasma if they became eligible; like with whole blood donation, GBM conveyed a strong desire to help others in need. However, this willingness was complicated by the fact that most participants had limited knowledge of plasma donation and were unsure of its medical importance. Participants’ perspectives on a policy that enabled MSM to donate plasma varied, with some viewing this change as a “stepping stone” to a reformed blood donation policy and others regarding it as insufficient and constructing GBM as “second-class” donors. When discussing plasma, many men reflected on the legacy of blood donor policy-related discrimination. Our data reveal a significant plasma policy disjuncture—a gulf between the critical importance of plasma donation from the perspective of Canada’s blood operators and patients and the feelings of many GBM who understood this form of donation as less important. Conclusions Plasma donor policies must be considered in relation to MSM blood donation policies to understand how donor eligibility practices are made meaningful by GBM in the context of historical disenfranchisement. Successful establishment of a MSM plasma donor policy will require extensive education, explicit communication of how this new policy contributes to continued/stepwise reform of blood donor policies, and considerable reconciliation with diverse GBM communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping Stones or Second Class Donors?: a qualitative analysis of gay, bisexual, and queer men’s perspectives on plasma donation policy in Canada

et al. 2021

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“…Third, plasma and platelet donation may have fewer respondents willing to donate for no compensation because these procedures require a greater commitment of time and involve filtering and return of blood products which may introduce unique concerns for some prospective donors. 18 We also predicted that college students would be willing to donate for less remuneration than a general adult sample, however, this was not confirmed. Specifically, relative to the college sample, a significantly higher proportion of ResearchMatch respondents indicated that they would donate whole blood for no compensation (i.e., 74% vs. 57%), and there was no significant difference in the distribution of level of compensation needed for plasma or platelet donation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…A second, related explanation is that plasma and platelet donation would be novel procedures for most of the sample, hence they may be more reticent to engage in them without some added payment. Third, plasma and platelet donation may have fewer respondents willing to donate for no compensation because these procedures require a greater commitment of time and involve filtering and return of blood products which may introduce unique concerns for some prospective donors 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What would it take to convince you to donate? A survey study of the relationship between motivators, barriers, and payment for whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation

France

Himawan

2022

Transfusion

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Background With growing discussion about blood donor remuneration, the present study examined the level of payment that may be required to convince individuals to engage in whole blood, plasma, and platelet donations. Study Design and Methods Anonymous online surveys were completed by a college sample [n = 490; 76.9% female; Mean Age = 20.3 (SD = 4.9) years; 32.9% whole blood donors] and a ResearchMatch sample [n = 323; 70.6% female; Mean Age = 50.7 (SD = 16.6) years; 82.7% whole blood donors]. Level of payment needed to motivate whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation was examined as a function of donation history, sample, and gender. In addition, path analyses examined associations between donation motivators, barriers, and payment level. Results Across all types of donation, history of whole blood donation was related to a greater willingness to donate without payment. At the same time, however, sizeable portions of prior donors indicated that monetary payment would convince them to donate whole blood (24%), plasma (51%), or platelets (57%). Across all types of donation, donation‐related barriers (i.e., anxiety, fear) were indirectly related to higher payment levels via lower self‐efficacy and more negative donation attitudes. Donation‐related motivators (i.e., warm glow, regret, and altruism) were indirectly related to lower payment levels via higher self‐efficacy and more positive donation attitudes. Conclusion Despite reporting a strong commitment to nonremunerated blood donation, many respondents with and without a history of blood donation indicated that money would convince them to engage in whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation.

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“…The GLMM also showed that if age is higher, the willingness decreases, but there was no detectable connection between willingness and health status or prevalent chronic diseases. This might be counterintuitive in light of previous research that pointed out that low self-efficacy is a negative predictor of contributions (Beurel et al, 2017 ), and that health problems are likely to negatively influence the perceived ability to give blood or plasma. As a note of caution, when mentioning the thwarting effect of health problems, previous research focused mostly on vasovagal reactions (France et al, 2004 ; Newman et al, 2006 ; Amrein et al, 2012 ; Bagot et al, 2013 ), and this is also echoed by the MFS injection subscale's contribution to the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In recent decades, several studies have been conducted to investigate the psychology of plasma donation, identifying many motivators, such as the perceived need for donation, high self-efficacy, and prosocial behavior (Bednall and Bove, 2011 ), as well as deterrents such as vasovagal reactions, the time required for donation, and fear of contamination (Beurel et al, 2017 ). Although many determinants are identified in the scientific literature, no motivational strategy has been found so far toward which both donors and nondonors would have a positive attitude, and would not have a negative impact on blood safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Help Is in Your Blood—Incentive to “Double Altruism” Resolves the Plasma Donation Paradox

et al. 2021

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Blood donation is considered as one of the purest forms of altruism. Plasma donation, in contrast, despite being a similar process, is mostly a paid activity in which donors are compensated for their contribution to the production of therapeutic preparations. This creates a so-called “plasma paradox:” If remuneration is promised for a socially useful effort, volunteers with altruistic motives might be deterred. At the same time, regular plasma donors who pursue the monetary benefits of donation might drop out if remuneration stops. The same controversy can be caught in the messages of most plasma donation companies as well: They promise a monetary reward (MR), and at the same time, highlight the altruistic component of donation. In this study, we tested the assumption that emphasizing the social significance enhances the willingness to donate blood plasma more effectively than either MR or the combination of these two incentives. This had to be rejected since there was no significant difference between the three scenarios. Furthermore, we also hypothesized that individuals might be more motivated to donate plasma if there is a possibility of offering an MR toward other socially beneficial aims. We found an increased willingness to donate in scenarios enabling “double altruism”, that is, when donating plasma for therapeutic use and transferring their remuneration to nongovernmental organizations, is an option. We propose relying on double altruism to resolve the plasma paradox, and suggest that it could serve as a starting point for the development of more optimized means for donor recruitment.

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Determinants of plasma donation: A review of the literature

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Stepping Stones or Second Class Donors?: a qualitative analysis of gay, bisexual, and queer men’s perspectives on plasma donation policy in Canada

Stepping Stones or Second Class Donors?: a qualitative analysis of gay, bisexual, and queer men’s perspectives on plasma donation policy in Canada

What would it take to convince you to donate? A survey study of the relationship between motivators, barriers, and payment for whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation

Help Is in Your Blood—Incentive to “Double Altruism” Resolves the Plasma Donation Paradox

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