Lifestyle modification in secondary prevention

Piepoli, Massimo F; Villani, Giovanni

doi:10.1177/2047487317703828

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…So, the active lifestyle seems to bring autonomic benefits even after a mental stress when compared to sedentary young women. Over the last few years, lifestyle has become the focus of many studies (Wei et al 2016;Piepoli and Villani 2017), along with modifiable factors for cardiovascular diseases and their control methods. These studies share an emphasis on the regular practice of physical exercises as a key ally in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of sedentarism on heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and in response to mental stress in young women

et al. 2018

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Sedentarism is one of the main risk factors for the onset of cardiometabolic diseases. Some biomarkers, such as heart rate variability (HRV), have been largely studied and found to be involved in the genesis of the dysfunctions associated with sedentary behavior. However, comparatively few studies have focused on the female sex. The objective of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic, autonomic and quality of life parameters at rest and in response to mental stress of sedentary and physically active young women. A total of 96 women, 18–30 years of age, were divided into sedentary (SW = 48) and active (AW = 48) groups. Anthropometric, hemodynamic and quality of life parameters were evaluated and the R‐R interval was recorded to quantify the cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and in response to the Stroop Color Test. The groups were similar in age, weight, height, body mass index, fat percentage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values and glycemia. The physical health domain of quality of life was compromised in the SW group. The SW group presented higher heart rate, lower variance of RR interval and RMSSD and higher cardiac sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) both at rest and in response to the mental stress test. We concluded that sedentary lifestyle in women induces impairment in autonomic cardiac modulation at rest and in response to physiological stress, compromising the quality of life, even before altering any cardiovascular or metabolic clinical parameters, reinforcing the potential role of HRV as early marker of cardiovascular risk in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of sedentarism on heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and in response to mental stress in young women

et al. 2018

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“…The benefits of extensive exercise have exceeded previous expectations, including primary prevention, active part of the treatment, improvement of life quality, and prognosis under chronic or incurable diseases, and prevention of complications and recurrence, of a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular (1,2), hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (1), dyslipidemia, cancers (3)(4)(5)(6), cognitive function (7), and all quality of life domains (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study

Cadegiani

Kater

2019

Front. Endocrinol.

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Objectives: The Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study identified multiple hormonal and metabolic conditioning processes in athletes, and underlying mechanisms and biomarkers of overtraining syndrome (OTS). The present study's objective was to reveal independent predictors and linear correlations among the parameters evaluated in the EROS study to predict clinical, metabolic, and biochemical behaviors in healthy and OTS-affected male athletes. Methods: We used multivariate linear regression and linear correlation to analyze possible combinations of the 38 parameters evaluated in the EROS study that revealed significant differences between healthy and OTS-affected athletes. Results: The testosterone-to-estradiol (T:E) ratio predicted the measured-to-predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) ratio; the T:E ratio and total testosterone level were inversely predicted by fat mass and estradiol was not predicted by any of the non-modifiable parameters. Early and late growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin responses to an insulin tolerance test (ITT) were strongly correlated. Hormonal responses to the ITT were positively correlated with fat oxidation, predicted-to-measured BMR ratio, muscle mass, and vigor, and inversely correlated with fat mass and fatigue. Salivary cortisol 30 min after awakening and the T:E ratio were inversely correlated with fatigue. Tension was inversely correlated with libido and directly correlated with body fat. The predicted-to-measured BMR ratio was correlated with muscle mass and body water, while fat oxidation was directly correlated with muscle mass and inversely correlated with fat mass. Muscle mass was directly correlated with body water, and extracellular water was directly correlated with body fat and inversely correlated with body water and muscle mass. Conclusions: Hypothalamic-pituitary responses to stimulation were diffuse and indistinguishable between the different axes. A late hormonal response to stimulation, increased cortisol after awakening, and the T:E ratio were correlated with vigor and Cadegiani and Kater The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study fatigue. The T:E ratio was also correlated with body metabolism and composition, testosterone was predicted by fat mass, and estradiol predicted anger. Hydration status was inversely correlated with edema, and inter-correlations were found among fat oxidation, hydration, and body fat.

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“…Exercise, including leisure-time activities, has been shown to decrease overall mortality [1], whereas physical inactivity may independently justify almost 10% of deaths [2]. The decreased mortality associated with exercises is explained by the improvement of multiple aspects of health, including primary [3] and secondary [4] prevention of cardiovascular events. It has also been linked to unexpected outcomes, such as reduction of the incidence, recurrence and mortality [5] of some types of cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of hypothalamic-pituitary activity in male athletes: evidence of a novel hormonal mechanism of physical conditioning

Cadegiani

Kater

2019

BMC Endocr Disord

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BackgroundExercise is known to induce multiple beneficial conditioning processes. Conversely, although exercise may generate several hormonal effects, an intrinsic hormonal conditioning process has not been reported. In the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study, we observed inherent and independent conditioning processes of the hypothalamic-pituitary axes in athletes. Our objective is to describe the theory of the novel hormonal conditioning mechanism using the findings from the EROS study.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we selected 25 healthy athletes (ATL) and 12 non-physically active healthy controls (NPAC), 18–50 years old, males, with BMI 20–30 kg/m2, with similar baseline characteristics, who underwent gold-standard exercise-independent tests: cosyntropin stimulation test (CST) and insulin tolerance test (ITT), to evaluate cortisol response to CST, and ACTH, cortisol, GH, and prolactin responses to an ITT.ResultsResponses to ITT were significantly earlier and higher in ATL than NPAC for cortisol [Mean ± SD: 21.7 ± 3.1 vs 16.9 ± 4.1 μg/dL; p < 0.001], GH [Median (95% CI): 12.73 (1.1–38.1) vs 4.80 (0.33–27.36) μg/L; p = 0.015], and prolactin [24.3 (10.5–67.45) vs 10.50 (6.21–43.44) ng/mL; p = 0.002]. Cortisol response to CST was similar between ATL and NPAC. During ITT, cortisol, GH, and ACTH mean increase in ATL were 52.2, 265.2, and 18.6% higher than NPAC, respectively. Prolactin response was absent in NPAC, while present in ATL.ConclusionsWe found sufficient evidence to propose the existence of a diffuse enhancement of the hypothalamic-pituitary activity in athletes, not restricted to any axis, showing an intrinsic and independent process of “hormonal conditioning” in athletes, similar to those observed in the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. This novel conditioning process may be the missing link for understanding the improved responses observed in athletes to harmful situations, traumas, infections, inflammations, and psychiatric conditions.

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Lifestyle modification in secondary prevention

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

The impact of sedentarism on heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and in response to mental stress in young women

The impact of sedentarism on heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and in response to mental stress in young women

Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study

Enhancement of hypothalamic-pituitary activity in male athletes: evidence of a novel hormonal mechanism of physical conditioning

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